Kidney and its morphological features

Describe the morphological structure of the kidney of a plant is quite simple. The plant bud consists of a rudimentary stem, leaves and flowers. Vegetative buds are classified into two types: growth (vegetative) and floral (generative). The vegetative bud of the plant consists of leaves. The structure of generative includes the rudiments of flowers and inflorescences. Bud - this is a generative kidney, which has one flower. Kidneys, which are also represented by rudiments of leaves and flowers, are called vegetative-generative, that is, mixed.

On the cone of growth , the rudiments of leaves are formed, which are located from the bottom up. Due to the fact that they grow unevenly, they turn to the top, which causes the appearance of a moist space inside the kidney. Thus, the bud of the plant protects itself from drying out and damage. In the process of bud budding, leaves are removed from the stem and straightened, which is primarily due to the active growth of the internodes of the stem.

As a rule, the bud of the plant has brown, gray or brown color. Kidneys of some woody plants, especially those that grow in a cold climate, are covered with scales (modified leaves), protecting them from cold and damage. Some trees (for example, birch, poplar) release resinous substances that improve this protection. Such a bud of the plant is called closed or protected. Accordingly, plant buds that do not have scales are called unprotected or bare. The thick fluff covering these organs from the outside is an additional means of protecting them from a variety of unfavorable factors.

Some herbaceous plants (wheatgrass, lily of the valley) have wintering buds that are located on underground shoots, they can also be found in the lower part of aboveground shoots near the ground. Thanks to this arrangement, the bud of the plant copes quite easily with temperature fluctuations. Some plant species (for example, cacti) have individual features of the structure of this organ. Kidney buds are called areoles, they consist of modified scales - needles, which perform a protective function.

Given the location of the kidneys on the stem, they are divided into lateral and apical. The bud at the end of the shoot is termed terminal (apical), due to which the stem grows. Lateral buds Form a system of shoots. The lateral bud of the plant is called axillary, if it is localized in the axils of the leaves. Extra-parasitic (accessory or additional) kidneys are those that are laid in different parts of the stem, including roots.

Kidneys in the axils of the leaves can be placed either singly or in groups. It should be noted that the localization of the kidneys in the axils of the leaves is of great biological importance. The covering sheet protects the kidney from mechanical damage, it still takes an active part in providing the kidney with nutrients.

With the help of additional buds vegetative reproduction is carried out . In this way, the root-crop plants (sow, aspen) multiply. What are the root offspring? Simply put, these are shoots that develop from subordinate buds on the roots. Extra-pristine kidneys on leaves of plants develop very rarely. An example is the Kalanchoe. Its buds immediately produce shoots of small size with subordinate roots.

For most perennial plants, shrubs, and trees, dormant buds are characteristic, which can remain undiscovered for a long period of time. They can not for years transform into shoots, but there are factors that contribute to the development of sleeping buds (for example, death of the main trunk). A key role sleeping buds play in the life of shrubs. Due to their development, daughter trunks are formed, the sizes of which can be several times larger than the diameter of the maternal trunk. Now you know what the bud of the plant is and what functions it performs.