Kalinin Anatoly Veniaminovich, Russian Soviet writer and poet: biography, creativity

Kalinin Anatoly is a Soviet writer, poet and publicist. He was awarded the Gorky Prize, and also was awarded several medals and orders, among them: the Order of Lenin, the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the October Revolution, the Red Star, Friendship of Peoples and the Red Banner of Labor. For 20 years he served as a deputy to the Supreme Council of Russia. About the life and work of this amazing man, we'll talk in the article.

Biography

Anatoly Kalinin (whose biography is now considered by us) was born in 1916, on August 22. The birthplace of the future writer was the village Kamenskaya (Rostov region), which has now become the city of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky. Here, on the Don, the childhood and youth of the future writer passed. Anatoly Veniaminovich's father was from Novocherkassk Cossacks and worked in a rural school as a teacher, and his mother was a Kamenka Cossack.

Grandfather Kalinin sang in the Cossack choir at the church, he had a very good voice. Recalling his childhood, the writer can not imagine him without the singing of his grandfather.

Worried Kalinin that the word "Cossack" in his childhood was not pronounced. The writer was very worried about the revival of the traditions and way of life of the Cossacks. And when during the Great Patriotic War Stalin issued a decree on the creation of the Don Cossacks' corps, Kalinin realized that the Cossacks were beginning to revive. On this wave, he published in 1943 an article entitled "Don Cossacks."

First publications

Kalinin Anatoly Veniaminovich called the Cossacks "the backbone of Russia," while he did not divide the Cossacks themselves into "non-roster" and "registries". But it will be much later, and for now Kalinin was accepted into the pioneers. At such a young age, he began to write essays on rural life and collective farms on the Don for publication in the newspapers Pionerskaya Pravda and Leninskie Vnuchata.

As a teenager, in 1930 Kalinin, along with a working column, traveled to the villages and farms of the Don, conducting collectivization. And in 1931 the future writer became a Komsomol member. After that, he began working for regional and district newspapers in the Kuban, Don, in Kabardino-Balkaria.

Kalinin Anatoly in 1935 becomes a correspondent of Komsomolskaya Pravda, which covers the problems of Armenia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ukraine, and the Don. And in 1941 the writer went to the front as a correspondent for this particular newspaper - he spent almost the whole of the Great Patriotic War on the southern fronts.

The first novel and the Great Patriotic War

The first major work of the author was published in 1940. It turned out to be a novel called "Barrows". In this work Kalinin Anatoly depicted a collective farm in the edge of the Cossacks. He wrote about those things that he knew very well from childhood: the Cossack way of life, peasant labor, the national language.

In the war years, the main heroes of Kalinin's works are the collective farmers, who dressed in soldiers' overcoats, as soon as their Motherland called them. At this time Kalinin sent essays on various events in Rostov, Mozdok, Stalingrad to various newspapers. And in 1943 a book of the author's essays entitled "The Cossacks Go Westward" is published. In 1944 on the pages of the magazine "New World" a war story "In the South" was published, and in 1945 - the work "Comrades". Later, on the basis of these two novels, Kalinin creates a great novel about the heroism of Russian soldiers - the "Red Flag". The work was published in 1951 in Rostov.

The post-war period

When the Great Patriotic War was over, Kalinin moved to the Don Puhlyakovskiy farm. Here the author creates a series of essays on the inhabitants of the Don stanitsas: "Moon Nights", "Behind the Rear of the Backward Collective Farm", "Undying Roots", etc. The heroes of these works will later meet in many other novels and tales of Kalinin.

In "Pravda" in 1953, the writer published a work "At the middle level." In this essay, Kalinin boldly discusses topical issues concerning the development of the countryside and the style of party power. The author himself highly appreciated this work and the following essay "Moon Nights". The writer believed that it was they who helped him to make sure of the correctness of the themes chosen for his creations. The readers also actively responded to these essays - Kalinin received many letters with support in his address.

In 1962 Kalinin wrote the novel The Forbidden Zone, which describes the construction of the Volga-Don Canal. The following problems are raised in the work: the education of a new man in the spirit of communist ideals; Condemnation of phenomena and actions, which should not be in a socialist society; The assessment of what is happening from the point of view of communist conscience.

"Gypsy"

But it was not thanks to these novels that Anatoly Kalinin gained wide popularity. "Gypsy" - this is the work that glorified the author. This novel was formed from many autobiographical details. The image of the protagonist, the Budyaya gypsy, arose from the writer even during the war, when he saw in the hospital how a Cossack commander awarded the Order of the Red Star one of the Cossack commanders. Then Kalinin did not think about writing the novel, but he remembered the episode for life. Then, when his detachment retreated under Malaya Belozyorka, the writer saw a broken gypsy wagon. Soon he found out that a woman had taken the baby, who had survived, to her. And after the war Kalinin Anatoly lived next door to a gypsy blacksmith, who had a younger brother named Budulai.

Throughout his work, the writer continues to address the military theme, revealing the connection between the events of the past and the present. Such works, except for "Gypsy", include the novels "Dry Field", "No Return", "Echo of War". The main ideological conception of these works is concluded in the system of images of heroes - the writer contrasts people, generated by the Soviet system, and those whose souls were crippled by the desire for enrichment and power.

last years of life

In 1967, Kalinin Anatoly Veniaminovich wrote the novel "Rumble, bells!". The work was devoted to the aesthetic and moral problems of the family and the upbringing of children.

In the literature, Kalinin was always perceived as a continuer of the Sholokhov tradition. The author himself agreed with this, and even in 1964 he published a book of essays about Sholokhov called "Veshenskoe Summer." Then, in 1975, a new novel by the writer - "The Time of the Quiet Don" was published. And from 1982 to 1983 he published a collection of works by Kalinin.

The writer died in 2008, on June 12, at the Pukhlyakovskiy farmstead. He was buried in the courtyard of his own house.

Verses by Kalinin Anatoly Veniaminovich

Kalinin's poetry is not as well known as his prose. Nevertheless, the author wrote several poems and poems. In addition, in his plans he had written a novel about the Don Cossacks in verse. Unfortunately, this idea was never put into practice.

Poems Kalinin Anatoly Veniaminovich, like his prose, were devoted to moral themes, communist ideals, as well as the Great Patriotic War. In his verse lines, the writer encourages readers to follow the call of the heart, live by conscience and act honorably. The main thing for a person, according to Kalinin, is his ability to selflessly serve the Motherland. The theme of selfless service, perhaps, runs the red thread through all the works of the writer.

"Budulai, who is not expected"

This film, which is an adaptation of the novel "Gypsy", was released in 1994. The director of the picture was Alexander Fenko. Filming took place in the village of Razdorskaya and on the farm Kanygin (Rostov region). It was here that Kalinin was born and lived most of his life. Dances and songs in the film were performed by artists from Roma gypsy theater.

However, the mini-series "Gypsy Island", which was released in 1993, was originally filmed. And only a year later, on its basis, the picture was mounted "Budulai, who is not expected."

The main role in the film was played by Otar Meghvinetuhutsi. The picture tells about the fate of the gypsy Budulai, who returns to the Don village after 10 years in prison.

Thus, Kalinin lived a very interesting and rich life. As for the creativity of the writer, it is still popular.