Irrigation systems: the history of appearance and use in the modern world

Back in school when studying the history of the ancient world, we came across such a notion as "irrigation systems". Then they told us that this is one of the greatest discoveries of mankind that helped to survive. Where does it come from and what is this concept? A little refreshing knowledge.

What are irrigation systems?

Irrigation, or irrigation, is a special way of supplying water to lands sown with different crops, in order to increase the moisture reserves at the roots and, consequently, to increase soil fertility and accelerate the growth and maturation of crops. This is one of the types of land reclamation.

Methods of irrigation of the earth

In the modern world, there are several ways to irrigate the land:

1. Watering occurs on special furrows in the ground, where water is supplied by a pump or from a canal for irrigation.
2. Spraying - water is scattered through a section of paved pipes.
3. The aerosol system - with the help of the smallest drops of water, the surface layer of the atmosphere cools, thereby creating favorable conditions for plant growth.
4. Intrasoil irrigation - water is fed to the basal zone of crops under the ground.
5. Limn irrigation - irrigation occurs once in the spring with the help of local runoff water.
6. Sprinkler system - here irrigation occurs with the help of a self-propelled system that uses the accumulated rainwater.

All these systems have been modernized and improved by humans. New technologies and methods were invented and introduced. But the irrigation system originated in the least mechanized form in Ancient Egypt. It happened before our era.

How did the first irrigation system work?

The very first irrigation system of agriculture in the world was invented at the foot of the Nile River. People began to notice that when the Nile is poured, it brings water and silt to the sown areas, which contribute to the accelerated growth of plants and increased yield.

Even then people began to lay special canals and drainage drains to the land plots. Due to this, water during flooding did not just flood the whole area, but did exactly where it was needed.

Also over time, people began digging out special reservoirs where water could be stored and used a little later for irrigation or other purposes, since it is known that rain could be expected for a long time, and the Nile was the only source of water.

The irrigation system of Ancient Egypt was called a basin-type system. And it is called that way, because the channels that surrounded the land allotment consisted of water. And access to the culture was opened to her when it was necessary. So it turned out that when access was opened, the land was flooded with water and looked like a pool. When, according to the farmers, the field was saturated with moisture in sufficient volume, the water descended through a special sewage channel. The first time water was produced where necessary - to neighboring fields. But soon the system was improved, and the water returned to the canals from where it came.

History of the emergence of irrigation systems

Irrigation systems were also widely used in the countries of the Ancient East - Mesopotamia, China, and Near East.

Very often these countries were attacked, and irrigation systems became the subject of exploitation, slowing down the development of the state. Despite this, people still revived them and continued to improve.

Over time, from the riverbeds, people began to divert canals and detain water using the first primitive dams and dams. Due to this, it was possible to irrigate the fields on time during the entire period of ripening of the crops.

The use of irrigation systems in the modern world

In the modern world, the concept of the irrigation system is applied not only for the sphere of agriculture. Not many people know, but there is such a narrow concept as "irrigation of the mouth". Yes, the term "irrigation" is also used in medicine, in particular in dentistry.

In this field of medicine there is such a device as a physioadispenser. This device can be used in maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, as well as in implantology.

Irrigation systems for a physiotenser are special tubes, by which, during and after all procedures, the oral cavity is washed with a special medical solution or a stream of clean water.

Among the medicines that can be used for irrigation in dentistry, the most common are furacilin, sodium hypochlorite, chlorophyllipt, and herbal decoctions.

The liquid in this system is supplied under pressure from 2 to 10 atmospheres, so that it cleans the oral cavity of small fragments, disinfects, and also performs the massage function of the gums.

Irrigation systems in dentistry are an up-to-date technology, as it is an irreplaceable thing in the work of a doctor, as well as ensuring the health of the teeth and gums of the patient.

Conclusion

Thus, it should be noted that irrigation systems are still a great discovery, since it is used in the world everywhere. Many did not even know that today the irrigation system is not only a system of watering fields, but also a necessary thing used in oral medicine - dentistry.