How is sewage in private homes. How to sew in a private house

A private house, not equipped with a sewage system, is not very comfortable to live in, especially in cold weather. To wash it is necessary in a basin, and in a toilet to run on a rain and a frost. And what about the man who bought the estate, not equipped with such benefits of civilization? And he will have to solve only a couple of questions:

• Carry out sewerage inside the house.
• Carry out an external sewage system.

In the article, we will take a closer look at the basic methods of laying the canal in private ownership. There will be given and described varieties of sewage systems and some recommendations for their construction.

general information

If the housing is located in a settlement that is equipped with a central sewage system, then it will be enough to issue a package of permits for connection, create a plan for a tie-in, as well as a scheme through which pipes and sanitary facilities will be placed, and perform all the necessary work. But if there is no central line, then the situation becomes much more complicated, and the list of issues that will have to be solved is much lengthened. First, we need to decide what kind of autonomous sewerage will be for a private house:

• Septic tank;
• Accumulation pit;
• Filtration well.

Secondly, what will be the volume of the container into which the drains collect. It will depend on the number of people using sewage, and on its kind. Third, determine the type. What will be the internal sewerage? Pressure or non-pressure? Fourthly, where will be placed a local facility that collects or purifies wastewater. And now let's consider the solution of these issues in order.

How are sewers in buildings built in private houses?

This issue is easier than others. New technologies allow placing sanitary units, regardless of the distance to the sewer pipes. And in the case of impossibility of discharge of drains by gravity, it is possible to use a device providing forced drain (special installation). This version has many positive sides:

1. The choice of a place for placing a toilet or kitchen does not depend on the location of the main sewer pipes.
2. The equipment of compact dimensions, modern design, does not make noise and guarantees the absence of an unpleasant smell.
3. You can dispense pipes much smaller than the standard diameter (from 23 to 32 mm), which can be easily hidden in the walls.
4. The installation can transport sewage to 100 meters horizontally and 10 meters vertically.

What type of pipe is better to use?

To make the sewage system in a private house, the best option is the pipes made of gray plastic. If you plan to hide them in an array of walls, connect them better by welding or press fitting. These pipes have several important positive qualities:

1. They are not subject to corrosion.
2. On their inner walls the plaque does not accumulate.
3. The life of such products is estimated in tens of years.
4. For them, no additional maintenance is required.

Styling rules

1. First of all, a sewage scheme in a private house should be created.
2. On the risers, the diameter of the pipes is 110 mm.
3. The drainage slope towards the exit from the room or septic tank is 1-2 cm / m.
4. On a pipe going horizontally, tees and bends are placed at an angle of 45 degrees, and vertically at 90 degrees.
5. The bell is directed against the flow of water.
6. The central riser is made ventilated.
7. Revisions should be made in case the pipe is clogged.
8. First of all, the riser is made, and then the wiring.
9. Be sure to check the tightness of the joints before sealing them in walls or on the floor.
10. From the house the pipe should go out at a depth of not less than 50 cm or be insulated.

Construction of external drainage system

Information on how to conduct sewage in private homes, detail the regulatory documents of SanPin and SNiP. The following points must be considered without fail:

1. The treatment facilities are located at least 10 meters from the foundations and 8 meters from the neighboring site.
2. Prior to drinking water intake, the distance is not less than 20 m.
3. The drainage system is installed below the water intake.

Cesspools

If the number of residents does not exceed 1-2 people, then it is more profitable to sewage in a private house with access to the cesspool. It is a hermetic structure or container intended for the collection of waste water. This is the simplest design for such needs. The walls are laid out of wood, brick or stone. They are smeared with greasy clay, and the floor is concreted, the top overlap is best done also with concrete with a cleaning hatch.

Septic tank

This installation, which is designed not only for collection, but also for the treatment of drains. As a rule, a biological anaerobic system is used. You can make it yourself. But you can buy, for example, such as an autonomous sewer private house "Topas". In the case of prefabricated plant systems, if there is a need to increase the discharge capacity, it will only be necessary to install one more capacity. Homemade septic tank is a rather complex structure that cleans sewage through a special drainage system. First, a well with a volume of three daily inflow volumes is excavated. The scheme of sewerage in a private house in this case should provide for the location of this well at a distance of 5 to 20 meters from the house. Its walls should be covered with blocks, stone or bricks and insulated, and the floor should be poured with concrete. Most often the septic tank has a round shape and walls a quarter of a meter thick. The drainage network should be located at a distance of at least 30 meters from the house and below the water intake level. Sewer pipe must enter the well at least 1.5 meters from the soil surface, depending on the level at which the ground freezes. But at the same time the level of the pipe entry into the well should be several centimeters above the level of the drainage outlet. Sewage is discharged from the septic tank through tees. Their upper ends are left open, above them are installed cleaning pipes having the same cross-section. To the lower edges of the tees join the pipes, ending at half a meter below the sewage level in the septic tank.

Filtration wells

Such facilities provide for the mechanical treatment of wastewater. Filtration wells, as a rule, are used on sandy soils. Sand-gravel and clay are poured around them. The sewerage scheme in a private house using filtration wells provides for laying deep into the ground, below the aquifers of the drainage pipe. At the same time, the sewage, passing through the soil natural filter - gravel, sand and clay, is cleaned and goes to the ground. Naturally, before a sewage system based on the operation of a filtration well is carried out in private houses, it is necessary to choose a suitable location for the installation. First of all, a swarm of the required size of the pit. For example, for a family consisting of 4 people, you need a volume of 10 m ³ (approximately 3x1.8x2 meters). The bottom of the excavation is covered with sand and gravel, where it is necessary to install or construct a structure. During construction, we make holes for the entrance of the sewer pipe, the ventilation, overflow and discharge of the treated effluent. When this structure is ready, it should begin to pull the pipeline.

Installation of an external sewage pipe

We carry out sewerage in a private house to the filtration well in two ways: either by digging a trench or by trenchless method using an air installation. Pipes for outdoor networks are better to use plastic. Their laying in trenches should be made on a pillow of sand and gravel, with the trenchless method of this, of course, do not need. As for the construction of sewerage wells, they should be done every 15 meters, and the first from the house - at a distance of 12 meters. At each turn of the highway, you should also build a well. The depth at which the sewage pipeline must be laid is at least 80 cm. If it is smaller, it is necessary to insulate it in order to prevent freezing in the cold season.

In this article, we examined in detail how sewerage is carried out in private houses, and we can state that this is not a difficult task, and it is quite possible for a responsible and hardworking person who is ready to do everything himself, with the availability of quality materials and the necessary tools.