Historical types of outlook: concepts and interpretations

The world view is a complex type of consciousness, which by its nature is an integrated education and is present both at the level of individual consciousness and mass consciousness . This is manifested in the fact that the concept of the world view, historical types of the worldview include a variety of elements - information, value systems, knowledge, stereotypes and patterns of thinking and behavior, attitudes and beliefs and much more. That is why a whole series of scientific disciplines are engaged in the study of the worldview: the epistemological essence is considered by philosophy, historical types of outlook are studied in the subject field of history and cultural studies, local manifestations of the world outlook are the subject of study of psychology, sociology, political science and a number of other sciences.

In its most general form, all historical types of worldview have approximately the same structural composition, in which the following components are distinguished:

- cognitive, which is based on generalizations of life experience, professional knowledge, skills and scientific information. As a result, each person forms in his mind a certain picture of the world in which those or other characteristics that determine the properties of this picture (religious, scientific, ufological, etc.) can prevail.

- normative-value elements consist of ideals and norms, beliefs and beliefs that are developed by a person in the process of socialization and which are accepted by him as a result of upbringing. They serve as criteria of human thinking and behavior, the basis of its socio-cultural identity.

- the emotional-volitional complex is realized, as a rule, through behavioral manifestations. It is here that values, beliefs, attitudes are realized in concrete actions and accompanying them, appropriate emotional and sensual colors.

- historical types of outlook contain a practical component that expresses the desire and readiness of the individual to act in this situation in this way, rather than some other. It manifests itself, primarily through personal attitudes, but the initial motive is the outlook of man. Practical implementation of attitudes and beliefs, after all, is the "signal" to society about the nature and properties of the world outlook of each person, without it, it would simply become an abstraction.

Considering that the world view, as a system reflecting the attitude of the individual to the universe, reflects its behavior, it should be recognized that it is not a dogma, but a substance mediated from outside also by space and time. This fact allows us to identify the main historical types of worldview and formulate the chronology of their formation.

Historically, the first type of worldview was a religious mythological worldview, the characteristic feature of which was that people tried to answer the questions they were interested in in the form of mythological traditions and religious dogmas. The dogma and myth were the initial knowledge of man and revealed to him a picture of the world in which he then built his life and formed his own ideas and attitudes to behavior. This form of worldview was quite consistent with the level of development of civilization and the degree of man's mastery of nature.

The next historical form of philosophy was philosophy. It absorbed from mythology and religion not only the worldview spirit and the amount of information and knowledge, but all those questions that the person tried to get an answer to. This form is characterized by a significant rationalization of the world outlook, its rapprochement with scientific thinking, and therefore more systematic.

After the philosophical development of the world has become insufficient due to the accumulation of a huge amount of knowledge and information by mankind, philosophy ceases to be the only worldview form, historical types of the world view are supplemented by purely scientific forms of comprehending reality. The scientific form of the worldview has become widespread due to the rapid development of scientific knowledge.

To date, it is widely believed that each individual is the carrier of several forms at once. Or that a person's worldview is a synthesized formation in which elements of all historical types of worldview are present in an individual proportion.