Gzhel painting: patterns for beginners. Painting of dishes by Gzhel patterns

Gzhel, a small city in the Moscow region, is the center of the famous art craft of Russia. The so-called Gzhel shrub occupies a vast territory and includes 27 villages, whose population has long been engaged in painting a variety of products from white porcelain and earthenware. The history of the Gzhel fishery can be traced from the 14th century, from the time when a rich clay deposit was discovered near Moscow. The material was heterogeneous: in the upper layers there were layers of simple red "shirevka", below the layers of "furs" of pale yellow color, and in the depths stretched "soap" - the most delicate white clay, an excellent material for the production of high-quality porcelain and earthenware.

Pharmacy needs

Some time from white clay made dishes and other kitchen utensils. Then came the royal Aptekarsky decree, which prescribes the dispatch of all extracted raw materials to Moscow for the needs of medicine and pharmaceuticals. The production of kitchenware had to be postponed, but after a while, additional deposits of white clay were discovered, and thus the material was already sufficient for pharmacies and for pottery production. During the abundance of raw materials, an art craft called Gzhel was born.

World fame

Gzhel painting, whose patterns are distinguished by a special style, began to spread throughout Russia. At first, artists used colorful colors. Then the Gzhel painting, patterns, theme of the drawing and the general style changed a little. The main color was bright blue cobalt paint. Since then, the Gzhel painting, whose ornamentation is admired by people all over the world, has become a classic combination of two colors - white and blue. Genuine products do not allow for any other shades, only in certain cases the artist can use gold paint for easy decoration.

Flowering

The famous Gzhel painting (patterns, ornaments, plant themes and much more from what forms the basis of a unique artistic style) was developed in the 19th century. In the rich houses of Russia, it was considered a good idea to serve the dining table with dishes from Gzhel porcelain. First of all, this was patriotism, pride for his country. In addition, white and blue plates and tureens cost an order of magnitude cheaper than Meissen porcelain.

Images on the products were also exclusively on Russian subjects. Hunting with dogs, dances for Pancake week, Easter procession and many other events of a truly Russian character were depicted on the tableware. Thus, the Gzhel painting, whose patterns were close in spirit to the Russians, became increasingly popular.

Handmade

In the beginning of the 20th century, the planters of the Moscow region tried to put the production of white and blue products on stream, but this idea failed. Painting dishes Gzhel patterns must certainly be done manually by experienced artists who are able to put their soul into their work. Mechanical drawing pattern destroys the essence of art, the product becomes faceless.

Gzhel painting, patterns and ornaments, geometric figures or plots from village life are all the result of the creative work of talented artists working at the enterprises of folk art crafts of Gzhel bush. The first sign of the skill of the artist is the presence in the painting of halftones, when the pale blue strokes alternate with bright and saturated.

Gzhel painting: patterns

The flower, its delicate petals, the stem of the plant, the leaves on the thin cuttings ... All this is a classic theme of the Gzhel painting. Plants are depicted in a stylized form, but their characteristic features are seen, the currant berries can not be confused with the viburnum, and gooseberries can not be called rose hips, even though all the plants, flowers and berries are of the same bright blue color.

Children's themes

A significant part of the products of Gzhel folk crafts is dedicated to children. These are horses and elephants, donkeys and foals, painted trains with trains, cars and planes on which Gzhel painting is present. Patterns for children are as adept as they are for adults, but with much greater responsibility the artist comes to work. After all, the child should not be disappointed in any way. Therefore, artists, starting to paint toys and other products of the children's range, try to do the work as best as possible.

Master classes

In the production associations of the Gzhel folk crafts there are sections for the training of those wishing to master the art of painting. Future artists undergo special courses in drawing and technology to create famous white and blue porcelain products, master such kind of folk craft as Gzhel painting. The patterns for beginners are simplified, however the learning process consists of several stages.

The first lessons include teaching the drawing, or rather, drawing contours of the future image. The strokes are applied with medium softness drawing pencil on paper of the type Whatman without pressing so that it is possible to erase unsuccessfully marked lines with an eraser.

After the contour drawing is ready, you can proceed with the coloring. The trial image is better to make water-soluble paint - watercolor, acrylic or gouache. A brush for this will suit any, but first you can use the 2nd number. On a separate piece of paper, you need to make a few strokes to find the blue color that matches the saturation. Then you need to try to draw a flower. If the image on paper turned out well, then the next step can begin to paint the ceramic product.

Variety of patterns

In the database of each Gzhel enterprise for the production of ceramics there are subject and thematic sketches, used when necessary by technologists. Various Gzhel painting, patterns, photographs, drawings, copies - everything goes into business when it is necessary to launch the next series of products.

Separate lots produce author's products, when the products from the beginning to the end are maintained in the status of exclusivity. Their form is unique, the painting is unique. This gzhel is highly appreciated, connoisseurs are trying to purchase exactly this product. First-class products differ from the usual detailed study of the figure. The artist draws the smallest nuances, and as a result, a true masterpiece of the Gzhel folk craft is born.

On-site sales

Recently, a good tradition has appeared - when Gzhel production, open a store for the sale of products of local craftsmen. Works of art have become more accessible, the choice has increased. Large enterprises of the Gzhel fishery established the production of superservices, similar to those that were supplied to the imperial court in the 19th century. Representatives of the previous generations remember the sets of tableware made of 120 or more items. There were smaller sets for 12 people out of 84 items. And very small, for two, under the name "Tet-a-tet." There was a set for one person, a miniature one, called "Egoist".

The Tsarist Monopoly

In those days, many Gzhel products went abroad. Europeans exported products of Russian craftsmen wagons. This went on for a long time, until the Russian imperial treasury department became the main buyer of the factory products. Quite quickly arose a monopoly, which subordinated to itself production gzheli, and since then all production was shipped to the warehouse of the treasury.

Prospects

At present, Gzhel is in demand more than ever. Plants and small workshops work at full load. All residents of the so-called Gzhel bush are engaged in the production of white painted ceramics.