Fish at the cottage. Pond for breeding fish with your own hands

Living abroad becomes prestigious and comfortable. Potato fields, greenhouses with tomatoes and carrot beds are a thing of the past. People try to make leisure more pleasant and come up with something new. One of the areas of practical and interesting work is fish. At her dacha she is bred in ponds of various sizes. To make a makeshift pond for this purpose is not difficult. However, before taking a shovel in hand, it is not superfluous to get acquainted with the pitfalls of the process.

Why bred fish in the country?

The reservoir on the plot is created for different purposes: supplement landscape design, provide water to plants or organize a place for bathing. Why not use a pond at a dacha for breeding fish?

The land owner can be an unwitting owner of an inconvenient relief: a gully, a lowland or a drainage ditch. It is not rational to abandon all efforts to eliminate unevenness. It is simpler and cheaper to adapt it for keeping fish. Preparing a pond from scratch is a difficult task, requiring competent calculations and physical efforts. High groundwater contributes to replenishing the self-made lake and allows to exclude waterproofing measures. Similar soils are poorly suited for growing gardens, and fish at the cottage in the pond will compensate for this problem.

About breeding fish

A serious approach to growing fish on the site brings moral and material satisfaction. Productivity of small ponds is much higher than huge ones. A reservoir of 20 to 50 m ² allows to contain up to 15 fish species with a mass of up to 150 c / ha.

Fish at the cottage grows 1-2 years before reaching the marketable mass. Pelada by the end of the first year weighs 70-120 g. Carp for the same period in a warm water body with a rare planting reaches 300-350 g. Rapid growth rates are different and silver carp. But the tench and crucian carp will be comparable only in three years. For this reason, they begin to grow from the age of one year, buying them in nurseries for fish.

Advantages of breeding fish on the site

Growing fish on the site is not comparable with industrial production by volume, methods and conditions of detention. Reservoirs are, as a rule, multi-purpose. The fish at the dacha is not grown for the purpose of obtaining huge profits. It serves to beautify, create coziness and peace of mind of the site owners.

This is also a sign of well-being, it makes it possible to stand out among others. Not everyone has a pond with live fish in the country. The advantage of this solution is also that the quality of water is controlled, pesticides and industrial wastewater do not enter it. The pond in the cottage for breeding fish is a source of useful and natural food for the family.

For the objectivity of the description it is worth mentioning that the breeding of fish in its own reservoir requires certain efforts. The owner will need knowledge of fish farming, mindfulness, endurance and love of nature.

The main regularities of the construction of the reservoir

How to make a lake in the country for fish independently? We should begin by studying the basic rules concerning this structure:

• Reservoirs of a small area require more attention, because they do not form a natural biocenosis. They resemble a large puddle. A huge pond for many will not afford. In addition, not every site for it can be identified as a suitable site. The golden mean between these options is in the range of 25 to 50 m ² .
• Pick a place for a future pond worth carefully. A prerequisite is the presence of shaded and illuminated parts of the water surface. Located in the lowland pond will be flooded by rain and snow melt.
• At the bottom of the pond create a special relief, combining areas with a different layer of water. They are located stepwise, separated by ledges.
• Choose a primer, relying on the kind of fish. Carp requires hard rocks (pebbles, coarse sand, crumbled granite).
• Small fish, having a length of not more than 15 cm, need from 50 liters of water. The volume of the pond and the number of individuals are calculated on the basis of this norm.
• An important addition, which the pond needs: fish in the dacha with their own hands is impossible without the installation of a filter pump. With the help of it, water is cleared of secretions and its flowering is prevented.
• If the fish will be in the pond all year round, then it needs a wintering well. It can be organized with the help of a large container, which is buried in the center.

Types of fish

Fish choose, based on the goals that are facing the owner. And also from the existing pond and other conditions. Decorative fishes are widespread : gold and koi. Cultivation of fish at the dacha of such species is carried out in small ponds. They keep the surface and take food from their hands.

With the economic purpose, they breed carp, carp and line, which live at depth. The list of species used for keeping in ponds is significant: silver carp, white amur, perch, sazan, trout, etc.

Pond with concrete base

The shape of a pond with a concrete base can be arbitrary. The most optimal rounded versions, for example, oval or pear-shaped. The bottom of the future reservoir is poured with concrete solution over the prepared cushion. Strength and durability of the building will add wire reinforcement. From it put a grid with a side of the mesh 15 cm. Before concreting, install a pipe made of reinforced concrete, which will serve as a winter hut for the fish. Its lower end is buried below the level of winter waters in the ground.

Concrete pond with own hands

Live fish at the dacha needs a cozy house. Stages of manufacturing a pond with a concrete base:

1. The soil is selected according to the drawn out sketch. Terraces and grooves are made. The surface is cleaned of sticking roots and litter. Places for aquatic vegetation are being prepared. A grid of reinforcing bars is laid over the entire surface. They are fastened together by a binding wire. The metal skeleton will be in the thickness of the concrete.
2. Cement M400, coarse sand and crushed stone are mixed in a ratio of 1: 2: 3. The resulting mixture is poured into the bottom and carefully compacted to prevent the appearance of voids. Wait for him to grasp and install the formwork for the walls. The lateral surfaces of the pond should not be vertical, and their thickness is less than 12 cm.
3. If possible, make a waterproofing. On a layer of concrete, which began to set, lay a couple of layers of roofing material and pour a solution. In hot weather, the surface is protected from premature drying by raw material, sawdust or hay.
4. The reservoir for fish in the country is almost ready. The hose is brought to it, hiding it among the stones for giving it naturalness. Fill with clean water.
5. In one of the banks, a pipe is installed, which will serve as protection against overflow. On it, excess water will be removed from the reservoir.

Pond without cladding

If the ground water is located close to the surface and soil, then you can make a pond without concreting. Create ditches, the walls of which are covered with a layer of clay or polyethylene film. Such a solution is simply erect, but requires regular monitoring and supportive measures. Trench dug in sandy soil, it is necessary to cover with a layer of clay with a thickness of at least 10 cm. On top put a turf or straw.

Pond from the ravine

How can you make a pond with fish without a large investment in the country? With your hands from a small natural gully. To do this, it is corrected and improved. Acted approximately according to this scheme:

• The natural groove is enlarged in size.
• Create a dam from the earth. For this, the soil is poured in thin layers (up to 20 cm) and rammed. Humidification from the watering can help improve the quality of work. The height of the partition is 50 cm above the assumed water level.
• Organize a groove through which flood waters can pass without damaging the dam. The bypass channel is located bypassing the earth partition.
• In the ditches, through which water enters and leaves, sometimes put concrete troughs. The bottom and sloping parts of the pond, if desired, are reinforced with a metal net, stones, turf, and the like. The dam is made wide and covered with a layer of sand.
• The filled pond is kept empty for 1-2 months. During this time, it creates a silty deposition, and plants will take root. At the end of this period, the pond is emptied and clean water is poured. Only now you can let the fish into the pond.

To equip your own pond in the suburban area is not a simple task. The information given will help to better orient the owners in this matter and avoid many mistakes. Proper organization of feeding and keeping fish is the key to success.