Endometrial polyposis: causes, symptoms, treatment

Diseases of the reproductive system of women are always quite dangerous. Endometrial polyposis is no exception. However, in some situations such a disease is not a threat, in others it requires immediate therapy.

What is the endometrium?

Endometrial called special cells of the epithelium, which cover the inner surface of the uterus. A feature of this fabric is the ability to thicken in the last days of the menstrual cycle. During this period, the blood supply also becomes more saturated. All this is necessary in order that the embryo can reliably strengthen itself in the cavity of the organ. If conception does not occur, then some part of the cells disappears. They are excreted from the body with the onset of menstruation. In the subsequent cycle, the endometrium is restored again.

Types of polyps

Often, on the endometrium, neoplasms can be observed, which look like a nodule (on the stem). This is a polyposis of the endometrium of the uterus. The size of the formations can be up to several centimeters. There are several of their types. Glandular polyps are diagnosed in the gland tissues. Fibrous can form in the connective cells. Also can be combined both types - these are the so-called glandular fibrosing polyps. There is another group of tumors - adenomatous. In this case, atypical cells are present in the structure . Experts sometimes call this disease a precancerous condition. Most often, the polyposis of the endometrium is diagnosed in women after 35 years. However, today you can find danoe disease in adolescents, and in young women. Sometimes patients do not even suspect polyps are present.

Polyposis of the endometrium. Causes

The specific causes of the disease are unknown. However, experts identify a number of factors that can provoke this state. First of all, it is a violation of the hormonal background. There are such changes in the overabundance of estrogens and the insufficient amount of progesterone. The next possible cause is mechanical damage to the uterine cavity. This can happen because of abortions. Also provoke polyposis of the endometrium may be an increased growth of blood vessels that are in the uterine cavity. Infectious diseases, heredity - it is also capable of causing a similar disease. Also at risk are people with diabetes, and those who are overweight.

Symptomatics

Often the polyp does not show itself, and the woman does not even suspect its presence. As a rule, the disease is diagnosed accidentally (with ultrasound examination). But there may be specific symptoms. It is worth paying attention to the abundant monthly, as well as any discharge of blood in the middle of the cycle. Irregularity of menstruation is another symptom of the disease. If the polyp is large (more than 2 cm), then specific pain sensations are possible. Also often a woman experiences unpleasant feelings during sex. If after the onset of menopause bleeding occurs, the specialist may suspect the presence of tumors.

Polyposis of the endometrium and pregnancy are also associated. As a rule, a woman can not conceive a child with this diagnosis. The polyp in the body behaves like an intrauterine spiral, that is, it does not give an opportunity to gain a fecundated egg in the body cavity. Also, he can block the fallopian tube, while the sperm can not get inside.

How is Polyposis Diagnosed?

At usual survey at the doctor the polyp to find out it is not possible (unless its sizes are so great, that leave a cavity of a uterus). Usually, endometrial polyposis is diagnosed during an ultrasound examination. In this case, the localization of the neoplasm, its dimensions, and also the state of the surrounding tissues is detected. There are cases when the polyp is not clearly visible. In such situations, hysteroscopy is necessary. The essence of this method is to insert a camera and a special device into the uterus. With such a study, the doctor can see the entire cavity of the organ. Hysteroscopy makes it possible to take a piece of the endometrium for further analysis, and also to remove polyps. To confirm the diagnosis, histological examination is necessary .

What are the methods of therapy

Hyperplasia, endometrial polyposis - all these conditions require timely treatment. Removing the polyp is the only way to get rid of the problem. Operative intervention is carried out by two methods. Scraping is a procedure that is performed under local or general anesthesia. A special instrument expands the area of the organ, and the polyp is removed along with the leg. This is an important point, as its remaining part can re-grow. If the number of tumors is large (polyposis of the endometrium), the walls of the uterus are scraped. This manipulation can damage the organ, so there is an alternative option - removal with a hysteroscope. This operation is rather delicate, the polyp is removed clearly and correctly (together with the base). The camera makes it possible to fully control the surgical intervention.

Recovery after surgery

With a disease such as polyposis of the endometrium, treatment is required after the operation. Immediately after removal of the polyp the specialist can prizhech its base with liquid nitrogen. This is necessary in order to prevent the growth of the tumor in the future. Also prescribed and hormone therapy. It is not used in a number of cases: a polyp of fibrous type, with diabetes, hypertension, a regular cycle. Selection of drugs is carried out individually, the gynecologist takes into account the presence of other diseases, and the woman's desire to become pregnant. As a rule, during the postoperative period, the patient is prescribed antibiotics (to exclude inflammatory processes).
Also in the first weeks, a low-calorie diet is recommended and the absence of sexual contacts. Without fail, all the removed tissues are sent for further research. If atypical cells are found in them, then the oncologist's consultation is already necessary. In some cases, if a malignant process is detected, a specialist may prescribe removal of the uterus. It is also important to remember that if endometrial polyposis is diagnosed, treatment with folk remedies is inappropriate.

Than untimely treatment of polyps is dangerous

Often there are cases that after the diagnosis and carrying out all the necessary research a woman postpones treatment for an indefinite period. Polyposis is considered an easy disease and is not treated seriously enough. However, the main danger of such formations is that over time they are able to degenerate into malignant ones. In addition, menstruation, abundant secretions also bring a lot of inconvenience. A large loss of blood can cause anemia.

Problems arise when a child is conceived. But if the pregnancy is still there, there is a huge risk of its interruption. Neoplasms substantially disrupt the structure of the endometrium, so a fertilized egg can not properly fix. Due to bleeding, which is a consequence of this disease, placental detachment can occur. Given all of the above points, if a woman is diagnosed with "polyposis of the endometrium," treatment is required prompt and qualified.

Methods of prevention

In order to reduce the risk of the disease, regular examinations at the gynecologist are necessary. All inflammatory or infectious processes should be treated in a timely manner. Taking care of your health will bear fruit. Experts recommend that they correctly select contraceptives and plan the conception of a child. This will significantly reduce the likelihood of abortion, which can cause a condition such as endometrial polyposis. Any malfunction in the body should immediately alert the woman. When a problem is found, delaying visits to a doctor is undesirable and dangerous.