Precancerous diseases: the main species. Precancerous conditions

The word "cancer" from the lips of the doctor sounds like a sentence - incredibly scary and creepy. This ailment is most often detected at certain stages of development, and in fact few people know that there are so-called precancerous diseases, which are not so terrible as it seems, and in all cases are reversible. All that is required is to reveal them before they grow into something more massive and incurable.

Explanation of the term

Precancerous diseases are acquired or congenital changes of some tissues of the body, which contribute to the origin of malignant neoplasms. Having read this, many can breathe a sigh of relief, saying they are checked regularly by doctors, and in which case they find a sore in the early stages. But in practice, with an accuracy to determine that some small tumor in the internal tissues is just the signals about the origin of something more serious, it is extremely difficult. Most often, the precancerous conditions are transferred by the patient absolutely painlessly, the person does not bother or worry. Perhaps they can be detected only by a certain technique under the supervision of an experienced doctor.

Historical background

In 1870, a domestic professor and Dr. MM Rudnev said in one of his lectures that cancer is such a disease that is formed on the basis of certain diseases that affected certain organs. He was sure that malignant tumors are not formed on level ground, behind them something is worth. Such a term as precancerous diseases first appeared in 1896, after an international congress of dermatologists was held in London. During this event, the following was also revealed. It was established which human organs are susceptible to the formation of malignant tumors. Consequently, all precancerous diseases already had precise localization, and it was much easier to identify them than before. In a short period of time, the process of identifying such foci of such a serious ailment has become very popular in the world of medicine and has been dubbed "cancer prevention."

Classification of precancer

From the clinical point of view, precancerous states fall into two categories: obligatory and elective. Strange as it may seem, diseases related to both groups are congenital or hereditary in nature, they are almost impossible to acquire independently or from someone to get infected with them (as is known, oncology is not transmitted by airborne droplets). At once we will underline that the majority of illnesses which will be described below, are little known to simple people and meet not so already and often. But at the first appearance of at least one of the symptoms of these diseases immediately go to the oncologist, test and pass the course of cancer prevention. Well, now we will examine in detail which of the ailments are included in the first and second categories, and what is their future fate.

Obligatory category

This group of diseases is due exclusively to innate factors. In a percentage of cases from 60 to 90, such ailments serve as a good basis for the further development of cancer, as they stimulate the growth of malignant tumors in the body. In the obligate category, the following diseases should be named:

• All kinds of polyps, which can be formed both on the mucous membranes, accessible to humans, and in internal organs. Polyps themselves are neoplasms, and at the slightest failure they become harmful to humans.
• Cysts that form glandular secretory organs are also background and precancerous diseases. These hardenings are most often found in the ovaries, pancreas, in the thyroid gland, in the salivary and mammary glands.
• Pigment xeroderma is the only hereditary disease in this category that serves as the basis for skin cancer.
• Family polyposis of the large intestine is a small deviation that occurs in almost every human body. However, in some cases, if there is a predisposition to oncology, such a proliferation of cells leads to the formation of a malignant tumor. Such polyps can cause cancer of the intestine or stomach.

Facultative group

Sometimes an exhaustive answer to the question of what causes cancer, give specific diseases that are familiar to almost every person. They are not as common as a cold or flu, but they can take everyone by surprise. Among them we will name the following:

• Cervical erosion.
• Papilloma.
• Atrophic gastritis.
• Cutaneous horn.
• Keratoacanthoma.
• Ulcerative colitis.

But if none of the above was found in the patient, and the malignant tumor was still formed? Inflammation in any organ, in any mucous or even on the surface of the skin - this is the most important thing that causes cancer. Unnatural cellular formations can appear even against a background of a chronic bronchitis if in bodies of breath the process of an inflammation constantly occurs. The same goes for ulcers, gastritis, diabetes and so on.

Two types of treatment for precancer

Many doctors adhere to the so-called rule to cut off the problem or focus of the disease. In other words, an operation is performed, during which a tumor or growth that occurs in the body is simply removed with the help of a scalpel. For a long time it was believed that this method is the most effective, but it turned out that this is not quite so. The fact is that even after the elimination of malignant tumors, the "roots" of the disease remain in the tissues, which in the near future will give new "fruits". For example, precancerous diseases of the cervix are polyps. They can be removed, and in some cases even without medical assistance, independently. However, soon, new neoplasms will grow, perhaps even larger in size and much more dangerous for health. It is necessary to regularly be examined, to undergo prophylaxis and to monitor your organism in total.

Stomach

This body acts as a target for a wide variety of ailments. Moreover, he is responsible for our appearance, for the condition of the skin and hair, even for the mood. Precancerous diseases of the stomach - this is almost all the sores that occur in it and are accompanied by inflammatory processes. For example, against the background of seemingly harmless gastritis, something more dangerous and malignant can grow. The same goes for pancreatitis, ulcers, etc.

So, in brief, precancerous diseases of the stomach - a chronic ulcer, polyposis of various parts of the intestine, hypertrophic gastritis, decreased acidity of the stomach. Also, malignant tumors can begin to develop against the background of previous operations to remove a specific part of the stomach.

Prevention

It is believed that the spread and development of stomach cancer depends on the geographical location. The bottom line is that in every country people eat certain foods that can either stimulate the excessive growth of cancer cells or slow down this process. Thus, it was revealed that pickles, beans, fried and smoked products, large quantities of rice, and a lack of vitamins are the cause of the formation and development of malignant tumors. But the consumption of all dairy products reduces the risk of oncology of the stomach.

Gynecology

In this industry, there are two types of precancer: external genitalia and cervix. In the first category, two major ailments can be identified, which serve as a background for the further formation of a malignant tumor.

• Leukoplakia is a dystrophic disease, which is accompanied by keratinization of the vaginal mucosa. Also, dry white plaques develop with subsequent sclerosis and tissue wrinkling.
• The vulva vulgaris is characterized by the wrinkling and atrophy of the mucosa, the clitoris and the labia minora. As a result, the skin of the external genitalia becomes hypersensitive, there is unbearable itching and burning.

Pregnancy in the inner genitalia

Ironically, this category of diseases is much more common and, of course, more dangerous. Most often, precancerous diseases of the cervix are determined in the gynecological office after examination or after tests, and among them one can name the following:

• Erosion.
• Leukoplakia of the vagina.
• Polyps.
• Erythroplasty.
• Ectropion.

In most cases, precancerous diseases in gynecology require surgical intervention. After the hearth of the disease is completely cut out, the patient must undergo a long and regular course of prevention, so that the disease does not break out with renewed vigor.

Cancer in dentistry

Healthy should be not only teeth and gums, but all parts of the oral cavity - so say the dentists. You need to follow the condition of the upper and lower palate, the tongue, the inner part of the cheeks, and behind the lips and even behind the tonsils. After all, all these organs and parts of the body are in close proximity to each other, and all those diseases that appear on one of them quickly spread to all the others. Ironically, cancer is an ailment that can affect even the oral cavity. Its development most often starts with completely harmless, at first glance, defects, which is a serious illness. This can be permanent cracks on the lips, a certain color and texture of the plaque in the tongue, small pimples and wounds in the sky. Therefore, before we proceed to a detailed examination of all the ailments associated with this mucosa, we warn: carefully watch yourself, pay attention to all the flaws and troublesome moments. It's better to see a doctor in vain than to regret it later.

External changes that indicate pre-cancer

In some cases, you yourself can find on your body some metamorphosis, which will mean that something went wrong in the body. A number of such changes can be the following:

• The mucous membrane loses moisture, becomes dry and wrinkled.
• On it appear areas of turbidity.
• Some of its areas can be deepidermized.
• Microcracks become a pathology, from which it is impossible to get rid of.
• Increased bleeding. This is due to the fact that the vessels and capillaries become too brittle.

List of diseases and background states

Precancerous diseases of the oral cavity are also divided into obligate and facultative. At once we will notice that by gravity they can be identical or even obligate illness will be transferred easier, than facultative. But in the first case, the formation of a malignant tumor is inevitable, and in the second case it is only one of the variants of the development of events. So, in the category of obligate carry the following:

• Erytoplasia Keira, as well as Bowen's disease.
• Abrasive precancerical cheilitis Manganotti.
• Knot or warty pre-cancer.
• Organic hyperkeratosis of the red border.

As it turned out, facultative pre-cancerous joints of the oral cavity are much more than obligate. Many of them will later be converted into a cancer tumor on average in 15 percent of cases. But we still list them:

• Cutaneous horn.
• Papillomas.
• Erosive and verruzic leukoplakia.
• Keratoacanthoma.
• Presence of ulcers on the mucous membrane (most often they are chronic).
• Constantly cracked lips.
• Halitas of different kinds.
• Poststrictive stomatitis.
• Flat lichen.
• Lupus erythematosus.

Summarizing

In medical theory, precancerous states are specific diseases that are amenable to treatment and prevention. Therefore, it is believed that by detecting them, you can save the patient from a fatal outcome. In practice, it turns out that such states are much more than described above. The fact is that cancers can originate in the most unexpected places and organs. They are formed in those areas where inflammatory processes occur regularly. And most importantly, one can not even suspect about these processes. Therefore, you need to watch your body with special care, regularly undergo an examination with doctors and take care of yourself.