Ecological factors and their effect on organisms

Ecology is a science that studies the interaction of living organisms with elements of inanimate nature. Recently, it began to develop rapidly. This is due to environmental problems that arise everywhere. Therefore, mankind engaged in the study of the interaction of organisms among themselves and anthropogenic impact on the environment.

The evolution that occurs in nature, and scientific and technological progress, as a consequence of the activities of mankind, have a significant impact on the environment. Under their influence, great changes occur in living and inanimate nature. But, at the same time, there are some factors that have a permanent impact on the environment.

All inanimate and living nature, animal and plant world is a habitat. Its individual components that affect living organisms are environmental factors. They are subdivided into anthropogenic, biotic and abiotic. Anthropogenic factors are the impact on living organisms that occurs as a result of human activities. Biotic factors are a consequence of the influence of living organisms on each other. Abiotic factors are the impact of inanimate nature on representatives of wildlife. It can be said that every living organism is influenced by all these factors, which affect it to some extent.

If environmental factors and their action do not deviate from the norm, the conditions for the development of organisms will be favorable. But, when one of the factors begins to exert more or less influence, it becomes decisive. A harmful effect on a living organism can produce both an excess of a certain factor and its reduction. For example, the harvest may die because of heavy rains. There is such a thing as an optimum zone. These are the conditions under which environmental factors affect the body within the limits of the norm necessary for its full development.

Abiotic factors include, above all, climatic conditions. The main indicators of this factor are the humidity and the amount of precipitation. These data, to some extent, depend on the direction and strength of the wind. It is moisture that is the most important factor for the full development of a living organism.
Another important abiotic factor was light. Here, the parameters of intensity, wavelength, and exposure time are studied.

Soil and its composition is another important abiotic factor. It is from it that many living organisms take the basic useful substances necessary for life.

Biotic factors include the number and population of species of living organisms, as well as their diversity. It is this that determines the interaction of living organisms and the influence they exert on each other. As a result of this communication, they form stable food chains. Such interaction forms the rules of the ecological pyramid.

Ecological pyramid is a scheme of energy loss in food chains. All participants in the food chain extract energy in the order in which they are located in it. The initial source of energy is the sun. The next level of the pyramid was the plants that consume solar energy. This is followed by animal herbivorous organisms, followed by predators. With each level of the pyramid, the amount of energy consumed for their own needs is increasing, but productivity falls. In this regard, each subsequent level is lower than the previous one.

In this regard, the rules of the ecological pyramid - the number, biomass and productivity, - and show the relationships in the system, built on the absorption of energy.

Environmental factors that affect the state of living organisms are an important condition for maintaining equilibrium in nature. But only anthropogenic factor can be changed and improved by man. It is he who, to date, has the greatest impact on the environment as a whole. Change a person's environmental factors can not, but make his influence less visible to him under the force.