Dynamic model: types, characteristics. Dynamic system

What is a dynamic model? Let's try to identify its features, give examples of such systems.

Classification of models

There are certain signs on which different types of dynamic models are distinguished.

Depending on the stages of modeling, there are:

• Cognitive - assuming a mental view of the object;
• Meaningful - meaning obtaining information, as well as identifying patterns and relationships (description, explanation);
• Formal - consisting of mathematical laws and algorithms that describe and simulate real processes and objects;
• Conceptual - created on a visual or verbal level, related to the structural-functional, causal models.

Means of implementation

The characteristic of dynamic models involves accounting for the tools used to implement the model. With the help of material resources, the basic geometric, dynamic, physical, and functional characteristics of the analyzed object are reproduced. As a special case, physical variants that are similar in nature to the object chosen for the modeling process are considered.

Theoretical construction can be ideal, based on logical, graphic, mathematical symbolic schemes.

Subdivision of mathematical models

There is a division into analytical ones, which presuppose the description of properties and interrelations by the application of functions. Simulation options are based on multiple studies, in particular, procedures and algorithms that describe the process of working capacity of the analyzed system.

Division by display option

By this parameter, there are three main types of models.

Heuristic are the images that arise in the human imagination. For their full description use the words of natural language. For example, the information verbal model can be attributed to this type. For the description, mathematical or formal-logical expressions are not supposed to be used.

It is heuristic modeling that is the main means of moving beyond the boundaries of established ideas about certain events and phenomena.

Such a dynamic model is necessary for the initial design stage, when there is no complete information about the analyzed phenomenon or object. Further, this model is changed to precise and specific options.

Natural models are variants characterized by a complete analogy with the present system. The difference exists only in size, as well as in the material used to create the full-scale model.

The dynamic model can be expressed in mathematical form. In this case, the use of formal-logical expressions is assumed. Similarly, mental, social, economic phenomena and processes can be described.

Mathematical models are considered inexpensive and universal options, with which you can conduct "pure" experiments for a specific problem. It is the mathematical dynamic model that is the basis for the application of computer and computer technology. The results obtained in the course of mathematical modeling are compared with the figures obtained in physical modeling.

Intermediate modeling options

Any dynamic system can be described by intermediate variants. The graphical model is the average indicator between mathematical and heuristic variants. Such models can be expressed by schemes, graphs, sketches, drawings, graphs.

Analog variants make it possible to study the same phenomena or mathematical expressions by creating analog objects.

The dynamic system is selected depending on the nature and volume of information about it, as well as on the capabilities of the analyst himself.

The static model is a one-step section of information on the phenomenon being studied or an object that is built for a certain period of time. This model is built on accounting documents, considering monthly losses or profits.

When using a dynamic model, you can analyze the changes that occur with the object for a certain period of time.

Features of information systems

How can I use dynamic models? Examples of these types are financial indicators taken over several years that can be used to forecast the profit of an enterprise.

Among the popular types of information models, three types are used: the composition model, the "black box", the structural variant.

A "black box" is a system that represents something integral, taken from the outside world. The environment and systems are interconnected through the exchange of output and input parameters. An example of such dynamic systems can be considered a living organism.

The model of the "black box" is a simple mapping of a particular system in which there is no information about the internal content, there are only outputs and input links to the external environment. The boundaries between the environment and a similar system are conditional. Apply a similar model in those cases when there is no information about the internal content of the system. For example, instructions for using a washing machine, tape recorder contains a detailed description of the connection, the adjustment of the work, the result of using the device. This information is sufficient for an ordinary user, but it is not enough for a master servicing such a technique.

An example of such a dynamic system can be considered an analysis of accounting reporting documents.

Conclusion

There are many options for describing dynamic systems. To successfully manage the process, it is important to correctly model and analyze the state of the system. The choice of a specific description depends on the availability of preliminary information, the ability to obtain additional information about the process, the possibilities of its development, the initial purpose of the simulation.

The choice of the dynamic model is determined by the peculiarity of the process being studied. If in science, as the main goal of the simulation is the possibility of a detailed study of the essence of the process, then in the technique it is meant to search for the optimal version of controlling the operation of the device, identifying minimum losses. Dynamic systems involve the use of mathematical symbols, signs, laws to obtain reliable and timely results.