Country Czech Republic: history, characteristics, capital, population, economy, president

Country Czech Republic is a small country. It is located in the heart of Europe. We all are familiar with the countries near the Czech Republic. After all, it borders on Poland and Germany, Slovakia and Austria. Such a successful geographical location at the intersection of trade routes from Europe to Asia, the mild climate and the abundance of mineral springs gave the Czech Republic a great chance for prosperity. Every year millions of tourists from all corners of our planet come here to get well at the balneological resorts, to admire the unique architecture of the country and its ancient castles.

Czechs are a highly cultured and educated nation. After all, they passed with dignity a difficult period, after the collapse of the socialist camp. What is the Czech Republic proud of today? The economy of the country is primarily, which is on the second place among the states of Eastern Europe.

Travelers

Country Czech Republic in the tourist market is conditionally divided into three areas: balneological, ski and excursion vacation. For lovers of a wide cultural program, you are invited to visit Pilsen, Brno, Cesky Krumlov, Ostrava and, of course, Prague.

Those wishing to improve their health go to the west of the country. It is here that the main resorts are concentrated, such as Mariánské Lázně, Karlovy Vary, and Kynžvart. For the skiing country the Czech Republic offers its eastern territories. Here on the border with Poland are such resorts as Harrachov, Špindler Мv Mlýn, Rokytnice nad еyera and Vítkovice.

In this amazing country there are still more than two and a half thousand medieval castles that amaze with their unique architecture. And it is not surprising that Czech artists like to visit artists and romantics, lovers of antiquity and connoisseurs of beauty. Arriving in the country only once, it is impossible to cover a huge number of attractions on its territory. That's why many tourists come back here again and again.

What attracts travelers Czech Republic? Description of the country is impossible without a story about a distinctive and delicious national cuisine. This is a real expanse for gourmets, forcing people to forget about diets for a while and about the girth of their waist.

A real earthly paradise is the Czech Republic and for beer lovers. Here carefully preserved recipes and traditions of cooking this drink, represented by a huge variety of varieties.

Geography

Country Czech Republic in the north has 658 km of borders with Poland, in the northwest, west with Germany - 646 km, in the east with Slovakia - 214 km, in the south with Austria - 362 km. Thus, the length of all the borders of this state is 1,880 km.
The territory of the Czech Republic has a very diverse landscape. So, the area of Bohemia in the west is located in the basin of such rivers as Vltava and Laba. It is surrounded by low mountains.

The eastern part of the Czech Republic is the territory of Moravia. It is also distinguished by a hilly surface. This region is located in the basin of the Moravia River. The Czech Republic has no access to the seas. However, all of its rivers rush to them. They flow into the Black, Baltic or North Seas.

The highest mountains of the country are in the northern part of the country. They are called Kokonoshi. The highest mountain is Snowball. It rises above the sea level at 1600 m.

You can find the Czech Republic on the world map by coordinates 49 degrees 45 seconds north latitude and 15 degrees 30 seconds east longitude. This is the heart of Europe. In order to be convinced of this, it is enough to visit the site located between the cities of Pilsen and Cheb. It is here that a memorial sign is installed, on which there is an inscription "Center of Europe".

The country's territory is 78 866 square kilometers. In terms of area, the Czech Republic occupies the 115th place in the world. Two percent of this territory is the water surface.

Climate

Czechia is a country with amazing weather. The climate here is quite mild. It is very hot in this area only during the only week of the year. Comfortable weather country pleases in all seasons. In summer, the average temperature is set within twenty degrees, and in winter the thermometer does not practically drop below the "minus 3" mark. Such an ideal climate is created due to continental and marine influence. Reduces the negative impact of winds on the mountain environment.

Administrative division

On the map of the country you can see thirteen areas, or edges. The main administrative center of the country is its capital - the city of Prague.

What areas (territories) are part of this European state? Their list is as follows:

• Central Bohemian.
• Plzensky.
• South Bohemian.
• Carlsbad.
• Ustetzky.
• Karlovegradecky.
• Liberecky.
• South Moravian.
• Slomutskiy.
• Pardubitsky.
• Moravskosilevsky.
• Zlinsky.
• Vysočina.

History

The territory of the Czech Republic was inhabited by people even during the Stone Age. The earliest mention of this country was found in the chronicles dating back to the 9th century. During this period, the territory of the Czech Republic was under the control of the princes of Przemysl.

The second name of these lands is Bohemia. It happened from the oldest Celtic tribe, which inhabited the territories that are in modern northern Bohemia. After them, these lands were mastered by the Germanic tribes - the marcomans, which were replaced by the Slavs in the 5th century. The latter were the ancestors of modern Czechs.

Its heyday this Slavic state reached by the beginning of the 11th century. During this period it was called the Great Moravia and had an impressive territory, which included the present lands of Slovakia, Bohemia, as well as part of Hungary and Austria.

It is interesting that there is no historical information about which city was the capital of this state and why its disintegration occurred. Most likely, it was due to numerous internecine wars. It is known that the Great Moravia was a Christian country, and its baptizers were the apostles Methodius and Cyril (as well as in Russia).

In the 17th century. The Czech kingdom became part of Austria-Hungary, and after its disintegration in 1928 there was a union of Subcarpathian Rus, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. These countries became known as Czechoslovakia. In 1939 the country was occupied by the troops of Nazi Germany. The liberation came only at the end of World War II, when soldiers of the USSR entered Czechoslovakia. After that, the country entered the socialist community.

However, in the late 1980s, Czechoslovakia was embroiled in mass demonstrations and protests. All of them resulted in the so-called Velvet Revolution. Then came a grandiose strike, the result of which was the regime change. The country was headed by a former dissident, playwright Vaclav Havel.

01/01/1993, Czechoslovakia was peacefully divided into two states. Two republics were formed on its territory - Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The history of the country after that began to be formed independently. So, in 1999 the state became a member of NATO, and in 2004 - a member of the EU. Since 2007 the Czech Republic participates in the Schengen agreement, that is, a person who has a visa of this country can travel without any obstacles throughout Europe.

Political structure

Country Czech Republic is a state with a representative democracy. Under such a political regime, the main source of power is the people, but various representative bodies are delegated to govern the state. The Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic. Its executive power is the president and the government. The latter, in turn, is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies.

The head of the Czech state is the president. Starting from 27/01/2013, and to this day, this post is occupied by Milos Zeman. He came to replace Wenceslas Klaus.

Milosh Zeman is one of the most prominent figures in European politics. This opinion about him was formed due to the rigid personal position of the Czech leader and ambiguous statements. It should be said that the current president of the Czech Republic, unlike most European politicians, supports Russia's actions in many areas. The opinion of Milos Zeman often goes against the statements of Brussels. And his position is quite firm.

As for the Czech parliament, it is bicameral. It consists of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Chamber of Deputies is provided with the work of two hundred members, who are elected by the people every four years. In this case, there is the principle of proportional representation. The renewal of one third of the Senate takes place every two years. At the same time, each of the 81 senators is given a six-year mandate.

The Constitutional Court is the guarantor of the basic rights of the Czech people. It consists of 15 judges with the power to abolish laws that are contrary to the country's constitution.

Population

The Czech Republic is now on the list of densely populated countries. According to the latest statistics, its population is slightly more than 10 million people. The tenth part of them lives in the capital of the state - Prague. The rest of the population, as in most European countries, is mainly concentrated in other cities.

For several years in a row, the rate of natural population growth has been steadily increasing in the Czech Republic. This is due to reduced mortality and increased fertility. In addition to natural growth, there is an influx of emigrants. It also increases the population of this European state.

Official language

For all the centuries-old history of the Czech Republic, its territory was inhabited by various peoples and tribes. However, today 95% of the population are Czechs. They preserve their own national traditions. Great respect and respect are also enjoyed by the knowledge of the historical roots that the Czech Republic can rightfully be proud of. The language of the country is Czech. It speaks the people of this state, despite its multinational composition, represented by Poles and Slovaks, Roma, Germans and Jews. Of course, they are all a minority, but they are full citizens of the country.

To date, the population of the Czech Republic uses the three most common dialects for communication. Here people speak East-Moravian, Middle-Moravian and Czech. The state language of the country could survive centuries of decline and Germanization. His revival occurred in the 18th century as a literary one. But then the Czech people began to penetrate more and more into the life of ordinary people, turning into everyday life.

To date, the state language of the country sounds on the streets of its cities. Young people at the same time are fluent in English, and the older generation can easily switch to German.

City of Prague

The largest metropolis and the most popular tourist center in Europe is the capital of the Czech Republic. Annually more than 6 million travelers visit Prague. Everyone who knows architecture and appreciates the taste of beer is eager to enter this friendly and elegant city.

Since ancient times, Prague is considered one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. And this is confirmed by its name. So, about this amazing city sometimes say "Golden Prague" or "the city of a hundred steeples", as well as a "stone dream".

The capital of the Czech Republic is a cobbled narrow street, amazing in its beauty Charles Bridge, as well as a huge number of various attractions.

The exact date of origin of Prague is unknown. However, already in the 15th century in the annals there are references to the fairs held at the confluence of the Vltava and Berounka rivers. The formation of the Prague Castle occurred in the 9th century. In the next century, Prague became the capital of the Czech Kingdom. Its rapid development the city received in the 12th century, becoming the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

During the Second World War, Prague was occupied by the Germans. However, fortunately, the military operations conducted on its territory did not lead to the destruction of unique historical buildings.

In the post-war years, the metro appeared in the capital of the Czech Republic. Rapid growth was the construction of new neighborhoods.

After the victory of the Velvet Revolution, Prague became one of the most popular European cities. Its historical center is recognized as a UNESCO heritage.

To date, the population of the capital of the Czech Republic is more than 1.3 million people, who live in 15 districts, numbered according to their distance to the center. On the map, you can see them clockwise.

A country's economy

The basis of the national economy of the Czech Republic is engineering and electronics, food industry and ferrous metallurgy, services and construction. One of the most successful to date post-communist state is the Czech Republic.

The characteristic of the country in the economic plan testifies to the success and stability of its national economy. After the Velvet Revolution, the Czech Republic inherited energetically inefficient and non-ecological production from Czechoslovakia. In those years, too much of the production sector was occupied by ferrous metallurgy, which operates on imported raw materials, as well as the military industry and machine building.

As for foreign trade, it was mainly oriented to the needs of the USSR, which largely hindered the growth of the country's economy.

After independence, the government of the Czech Republic made some significant changes. It abolished centralized regulation of prices, introduced the freedom of private enterprise, liquidated the monopoly of state foreign trade, conducted privatization and reconstruction of property. Thanks to the inflow of foreign investment, the Czech Republic in the shortest time carried out modernization and restructuring of industry, and also developed the necessary auxiliary and technical infrastructures.

To date, the Czech Republic is experiencing rapid GDP growth. This is due to the growth of the industrial sector and a reduction in the share of ferrous metallurgy and industries destined for military structures. With the increase in the share of automotive and electrical products. This allowed the Czech Republic to enter a positive foreign trade balance. Success became possible even in spite of the rapid increase in prices for gas and oil imported into the country.

It is worth mentioning that the size of foreign trade per capita in the country is very high and outstrips countries such as Great Britain and Japan, Italy and France.