Construction of granaries: requirements, types, stages

Proper storage of grains requires the construction of granaries. Such structures should protect the crop from the negative influence of the environment, prevent the appearance of fungal pathogens, protect against damage by rodents, insects and other pests. In connection with this, a number of requirements are imposed on the constructions:

1. The structures must be strong and stable, it is easy to withstand the pressure of dry and moist grain masses.
2. The facility is obliged to protect the grain from the effects of atmospheric precipitation, groundwater, condensate and other sources of moisture.
3. The construction of grain storage facilities should be conducted with the introduction of fire safety systems.
4. The structures should be convenient for maintenance: to provide free access to equipment, control over products, not to create difficulties for the operation of disinfectors and disinsectors.
5. Warehouses for grain should be equipped with aspiration systems to reduce the amount of dust and create a comfortable working environment for staff.

In addition, the facilities must meet the economic requirements - to be easy to operate, durable and reliable. In order to obtain the greatest profit from the sale of products, the construction of grain storage facilities should be carried out at an optimal distance from the harvesting sites and its implementation.

Classification of granaries

Several types of storage facilities are being built to preserve grain masses.

According to the design features, there are two types of structures for storage of grain masses:

1. Frameless buildings. Designed to save already dried products, because it does not have special requirements. Their main advantage is the speed of construction, low cost.
2. Frame construction. Are constructed for storage and the control of grain weight, are equipped with systems of ventilation, aspiration, control. The main advantage is the ability to store crops at any stage.

The choice of a certain type depends on the expected number of products, as well as on the variety of crops sold. Among the most popular facilities are floor and bunker structures.

Floor storage

The design of floor storages assumes the presence of upper and lower tiers, which are equipped for transportation and distribution of crops.

Most often, the construction of granaries under the key of two varieties is under way:

1. With horizontal floors - they are used so that when storing several varieties of crops they do not mix with each other.
2. With inclined flooring - used to save grain mass with a shallow groundwater table.

Very often in such structures the mechanisms of distribution, transportation and maintenance are located underground, thereby saving the internal space.

Granary bunker type

The construction of granaries in Voronezh bunker type is ordered by enterprises that need to provide several types of crops with proper storage conditions. The simplest designs are floor structures, the internal space of which is divided by partitions to prevent mixing of the grain mass.

The most progressive are cylindrical tanks up to 10-12 meters high with a conical bottom. The latter solution provides autonomous unloading of products by gravity. For the needs of the enterprise, several tanks with a double-row arrangement with a passage for service personnel are erected.

Stages of construction

Construction begins with a study of the proposed location of the object. At this stage, possible sources of heat are determined, geological exploration is carried out, the type of grain and the requirements that are required to store it are studied.

After that they proceed directly to the work:

1. An estimate is prepared, which indicates the type of equipment, area, layout and other information about the facility.
2. Design of granaries, which takes into account the requirements of customers and conditions of the terrain.
3. Construction of a foundation foundation, laying of communication lines, installation of power and distribution transformers.
4. Construction of the structure: installation of the frame, plating, laying waterproofing, roofing and other works.

Before the delivery of the facility, the customer is commissioned, which are designed to ensure the proper storage of grain masses. Some companies after the construction of grain storage facilities is completed, prepare staff for work.