Business, Agriculture
Traction tractor class: table, features
On the territory of the CIS countries, tractors are classified according to a system that is based on traction characteristics of machinery. Today we will get acquainted with such a concept as a tractive class of tractors. The table and the description of each of the classes will help us in this.
General concepts
The traction class expresses the most important characteristic of tractors - the maximum level of tractive effort that a car can develop. But here there is one nuance: this very effort can depend on the type of soil and operating conditions of the equipment. For example, in a wet meadow or swampy terrain, the tractor will not be able to pull the load as well as it does on sand or a dry field. Therefore, the tractive class of the tractor is measured in strictly standardized conditions.
In the case of agricultural machines, the classification is made according to the effort developed under the following conditions:
- Type of soil - stubble of the crops.
- Humidity of soil - 20-30%
- The hardness of the soil is normal.
- Waxing: 16% - for wheeled 4x2; 14% - for wheeled 4x4; 3% - for crawler vehicles.
The tractive class of tractors is indicated by the figure denoting the pulling force in ton-force (ton-force). Sometimes there is an indication of the class in the kilonewtons (kN). To translate one value to another is not at all difficult: in 1 kN, about 10 tons. Therefore, if it is written, for example, that the tractor belongs to the class of 14 kN, it means that this is a 1.4-traction class.
Classification
To date, there are 17 classes of traction, covering all equipment, starting with small motor blocks and ending with tractors of record capacity. Current models of machines for agriculture are in the first eight classes. Three more classes are reserved for motoblocks and mini tractors. In recent years, powerful agricultural machinery of the 7th class has also appeared. And earlier in this class were only industrial tractors. It will help to better understand what the traction class of tractors is, the table below.
Classification by group
Agricultural tractors, depending on the purpose, are divided into six groups:
- Mini tractors. This includes representatives of 0.2-0.4 classes. The technique is designed to work in small areas and involves the use of additional hinged or trailed equipment. Suitable also for transport works.
- Universal tractors . This machine from 0.6 to 2 class. The equipment is intended for general economic operations, cultivation, processing and harvesting of row crops.
- Universal-tilled . By class, they are the same tractors as in the previous group. However, they are intended for primary soil cultivation (plowing, harrowing, cultivation), sowing, harvesting, cultivating crops and solving transportation problems.
- Tractors of general purpose . This group includes classes from 3 to 7. Machines are intended for the implementation of energy-intensive operations: plowing, cultivation, snow retention, stubbing, reclamation and transport operations. Such tractors are used, as a rule, in fields with a large area.
- Specialized tractors . It can be machines of different classes, the main task of which is the processing of a certain culture. There are vegetable growing, beet growing, cotton growing and others.
- Self-propelled chassis . This group includes a small class tractor, with a frame for the platform located in the front. The most famous of them is T-16.
Now we will analyze each tractor class separately, focusing on its features and giving specific examples.
0.2 class
As you already know, this class includes mini-tractors and heavy motor-blocks. This technique is intended for simple work in small areas. Often, such tractors are used to drive all kinds of aggregates and mechanisms. Today in the market you can find a lot of tractors of this class since the early MTZ-082 and "Belarus-112", and ending with the modern ones: Belarus-08K, Uralets T-0.2, KMZ-012, Ussuriyets and so on. Further. Great popularity in the domestic market is also used by Chinese models: Foton TE-244, Chery FD15, Dong Feng DF 244, Xingtai XT-220, and others. There are also Japanese tractors of the 0.2 class, firms: Mitsubishi, Iseki and Kubota.
0,4 class
For today, domestic tractor-building factories do not produce equipment of this class. The only mass tractor of this group, was once KhTZ-7. Its production did not last long - from 1950 to 1956. Among the Chinese products you can find products of this class. They are manufactured by Jinma.
0.6 grade
Machines of this class are considered universal. This fact, along with a small price, causes their wide distribution. The class of 0.6 tons includes such domestic devices as T-25A and T-30 (both are manufactured to this day in Vladimir TZ), self-propelled chassis T-16, VTZ-2032, and Belarus (versions: 310, 320 and 321). There are in the 0.6th grade and Chinese models of firms: Dong Feng, Chery and Jinma.
0,9 class
This class of tractor is also considered universal. With a traction of 0.9 tons, the tractor can be used for agricultural work and transportation purposes. The brightest and most popular representative of the class is the T-40 / 40A model. It has not been produced for more than two decades, but still serves the business executives. Of the modern representatives, it is possible to note LTZ-55, VTZ-45 and TTZ-80.10.
Grade 1.4
Studying such a question as "traction class of a tractor", we gradually move on to more massive and powerful specimens. Class 1.4 is considered the most massive in the agricultural sector, construction, housing and communal services, and many other industries. Therefore, it is perhaps the widest traction class. MTZ and "Belarus" tractors, among the domestic representatives, are the most. This class includes such veterans as: MTZ-50/52, MTZ-80/82, Belarus-80/82, all modifications of YUMZ-6, LTZ-95B, LTZ-60AV and many others. Of the more modern, we can distinguish models of the 900 series "Belarus". As for foreign options, the most popular are American models: John Deere JD6020 / JD5020, AGCO MF3600 / MF3400. In the market there are also "Germans" of Deutz-Fahr, "Chinese": Dong Feng, Xingtai and others.
Grade 2
Gradually we start to consider more powerful classes of tractors. The table shows that crawler models start from the second class. It is caused by the growth of the load and the level of complexity of the tasks performed. By the way, 20 years ago, only a caterpillar tractor could be found in this class . Class 2 tons for today, includes a lot of wheeled models. The most popular of the early caterpillar vehicles were the T-70 and T-54B. Later, the wheeled modification LTZ-155 appeared. Today, choosing a Class 2 tractor can be confusing in the abundance of models. Among the best modern devices on our market, we can distinguish: "Belarus 1221, 1222"; American John Deere 6020, 6130D and his fellow New Holland T6050 Delta; Representative of Great Britain - CASE IH Maxxum 125; And the "German" Deutz Agrofarm 430.
Grade 3
This type of equipment is actively used in agricultural and industrial work. When developing minerals and in the mining industry, you can also meet this class of tractor. The third class has such typical representatives: wheeled or tracked T-150, all versions of caterpillar DT-75, DT-175, and modern "Agromash 90". Of the novelties of attention are: "Belarus 1523", Terrion ATM 3180 and 6 series John Deere.
4th grade
Machines of this class are used mainly in the steppe zone for processing soft viscous soil. There was a time when class 4 represented only one caterpillar model - T-4A and some specialized machines. Today on the market you can find wheeled and crawler "Belarus" (models 2022 and 2103 respectively); Firm Terrion with models АТМ 3180/4200; Kharkov tractor KhTZ-181 and KhTZ-17221; As well as the Americans New Holland and John Deere (the 4th class in both firms is represented by the seventh series).
Grade 5
The equipment of this class is compulsorily equipped with a full drive and huge wheels with a deep protector. It is used in a wide range of agricultural works (pre-sowing, sowing and harvesting companies) and as a tractor for delivery of trailers off-road. Of the domestic models the most popular are the "Kirov", or rather, the model K-700 in all its modifications. Among the cars of the 5th class can also be noted: wheeled "Belarus" versions 2522, 2822, 3022 and 3023 and model Terrion АТМ 5280; As well as caterpillar T-250 and T-501. As for foreign representatives, the tractors Buhler 2000, JD 8050 and Magnum / STX series from Case New Holland have gained popularity here.
6th grade
Until recently, this class was considered the most powerful among agricultural tractors in the expanses of the former CIS. It includes tracked vehicles T-130, T-100M, and K-744. They successfully solve agrotechnical, industrial, construction, mining and other tasks of increased complexity. The foreign models market is represented by tractors: Case IH (versions STX380, 430, 480 and 530) and JD (versions 9430 and 9420).
7th grade
Here they are, the most powerful and energy-saturated tractors for the agricultural sector. Used for basic soil treatment and a wide range of other tasks. The key domestic models of the class: Terrion АТМ 7360 and УДМ-5К-02. Among foreign firms are famous Buhler Versatile, New Holland, John Deere. However, imported tractors used by farmers are extremely limited (about 10 vehicles a year are purchased).
Conclusion
Classification of tractors on this basis, such as traction class, allows you to quickly determine which tractor is ideal for these or other jobs. Since the separation has very clear boundaries, you can not study all the characteristics of machines to understand which model to choose. Why is it important? On the one hand, if you choose a tractor that lacks power, it will not be able to cope with its task, especially if the weather conditions worsen. And on the other - if the tractor is more powerful than necessary, it will consume more fuel, and the appetite of such machines is not weak. Consequently, in the first and second cases of the owner of the tractor, losses are expected. That's why there are no universal models.
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