Climate of Asia: general characteristics, interesting facts and reviews

In the climate formation of Asia, a great role is played by the relief, which in this part of the world is represented by deserts, high mountain ranges and enclosed highlands.

general information

Asia and Europe together form the largest continent on the planet Earth. Asia is part of the continent of Eurasia.

The peculiarity of this part of the Earth is that it has a very diverse climate. Almost all types of conditions on Earth are observed here: cold arctic climate of the north, continental Siberia, monsoon of the east and south, semi-desert of the central part and desert of the south-west of the continent.

Features of Asia's climate

The peculiarities of the geographical position with a predominance over the lowlands of the mountains, the compactness and vast dimensions of this part of the world are the most important factors in the formation of its climate.

The location of Asia in the Northern Hemisphere in all latitudes determines the arrival of uneven solar heat on the surface. For example, the values of the total annual total radiation in the Malay Archipelago (equator) are approximately from 140 to 160 kcal per square meter. Cm, at an interval between 40 and 50 northern latitudes, it is 100-120 kcal per square meter. Cm, and in the northern parts of the mainland - about 60 kcal per square meter. cm.

The climate of Asia is foreign

In Asia, foreign represent tropical and subtropical, equatorial and subequatorial climatic zones. Only at the border of Mongolia and China (northeast) with Russia and in the northern part of the Japanese islands the belt is moderate.

It should be noted that most of the foreign Asia belongs to the subtropics. A subtropical belt stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and is thousands of kilometers long.

On the circulation of air masses

Air masses circulate above Asia in directions that depend on the seasonal position of low and high pressure centers. Above the mainland, the most important atmospheric pressure center in winter is the Asian (Central Asian or Siberian) anticyclone, which is the most powerful of all winter climate centers on the whole planet. Dry and cold temperate continental air, spreading in all directions from it, gives several spurs. Especially among them is the Central Asian spur towards Iran and the southeast, directed towards China (East).

The climate of East Asia depends on the monsoon. In winter, the greatest differences in pressure between the warm ocean and the cold land form on the southeastern part of the continent, which cause the formation of steady streams of continental winter monsoon on the sea from the land. This monsoon circulation covers China Northeast and East, Japan Islands and Korean Peninsula. In the Aleutian Islands (the northern part of the Pacific Ocean), the Aleutian minimum is formed in the winter, but for some reason it affects the climate of only the narrow coastline of Northeast Siberia (mainly the Kurile Islands and the coast of Kamchatka).

central Asia

It is interesting that in the Central Asian highland, winter temperatures are almost as low as in Siberia. Despite the more southerly location, the temperature here is not very high, which is due to the high position of the terrain. The temperature during the day here varies greatly: it is hot in the daytime, cool at night.

What is the reason for such a Central Asian climate? Huge height above the level of the ocean of the Tibetan Plateau and a powerful wall of the Himalayas, blocking access to the humid winds from the Indian Ocean, create a rather severe dry climate in the northern side of the Himalayan mountains. Although Tibet is located at the latitude of the Mediterranean Sea (subtropical climate), frosts in winter can reach minus temperatures of up to 35 degrees.

In the summer, the sun is very hot, although it is cold in the shade at the same time. Nocturnal frosts are common even for July, and in summer there are snowstorms. During the summer, pressure and temperature rise over the South-Eastern and partly Central Asia. Towards the center of the continent, the masses of the summer monsoon rush from the sea, which bring a relative decrease in temperature and moisture.

For the Central Asia basin, the winter temperatures are characterized by the lowest temperatures (-50 ° C). Very severe frosts come to Western Tibet. The average July temperature is 26-32 ° C, and the absolute maximum reaches 50 ° C. The surface of sand in the Karakum desert is heated to 79 ° C.

Characteristic for the climate of this part of Asia are large fluctuations from year to year of temperatures, sharp fluctuations in temperatures per day, a small amount of precipitation of atmospheric, cloudy and dry air.

The climate of the countries of Central Asia (Central Asia) is especially beneficial for vegetation. Due to the dryness of the air, the summer heat is relatively easy to tolerate. The excellent climate conditions of the mountainous regions are good enough for creating resorts.

The states that are part of Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan.

South-West Asia

This wonderful territory is washed by the waters of the Black, Mediterranean, Aegean, Red, Caspian, Marble and Arabian seas, as well as the waters of the Persian Gulf.

The climate is tropical, subtropical continental and Mediterranean. Tropical is characterized by a minimum amount of precipitation and high temperatures. The natural zones are represented by hard-leaved forests, deserts and semi-deserts.

Iran, Iraq and Turkey are the largest states of South-West Asia. The climate here is magnificent for summer holidays.

The highest temperatures in the summer (hot plains of Arabia and Lower Mesopotamia) - 55 ° C. The lowest summer temperatures (northeast of Hokkaido) - plus 20 degrees.

East Asia

This part of Asia occupies the easternmost part of the continent of Eurasia. It adjoins the waters of the Pacific Ocean.

Continental monsoons contribute to the formation of colder air in any region of this Asian region than on other parts of the world typical for the same latitudes.

The climate of East Asia is mostly monsoon. And this rainy, wet summer (80% of annual precipitation). From the ocean, although it is cooler than on land, warm air masses come in. From the north to the south along the coasts cold sea currents move. The warm, lower layers of air that form above them quickly cool down, which is why local grass fogs often arise here. The atmosphere becomes a two-layer - the warm upper slides along the colder bottom, and precipitations are obtained.

The mechanism of summer monsoon circulation is associated with cyclones caused by the contact of the warmest and coldest air masses.

When the dry continental air is captured by cyclones from the continental depths, a drought occurs. Cyclones born near the Philippines (far to the south) are quite clearly manifested. As a result, typhoons occur, which are wind systems with hurricane velocity.

The territory of East Asia includes China, Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula, the islands of the Yellow, Japanese and East China Seas, and also partly the islands of the South China Sea.

Conclusion

According to travelers, Asia is an interesting, exotic corner of the globe, leaving a unique and unforgettable experience.

Particularly comfortable climate conditions for summer vacations is West Asia, although in all parts of the mainland there is a unique flavor and charm.