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The subtropical climate in the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa and Russia. Features of the subtropical climate

The subtropical climate belt is located between thirty and forty degrees to the south and north of the equator. In some places, it can go higher, but these are exceptions caused by the features of the relief and other factors. Belt is located between the zones of temperate and tropical climate, which has a significant impact on it. It is believed that in the regions of the world precisely with such conditions (since they are most comfortable for living and agriculture) and the birth of mankind has occurred.

Geography

As already mentioned above, the subtropical belt passes relatively near the equator. And therefore it is not surprising that the climate within its borders is very warm. It is characteristic for the following regions of the Earth: the Mediterranean, the north of New Zealand, almost entirely the United States of America, as well as the south of Australia and the southern part of Russia. It occurs in certain regions of Africa and Asia (for example, in Japan).

Features and types

As the main type of subtropical climate is usually allocated to the Mediterranean. It is typical for the western shores of the continents. There is also a monsoon subtropical. It is distributed mainly on the east coast.

Its features are inherent in the subtropics of Africa. As the name implies, a typical Mediterranean subtropical climate is typical for areas adjacent to the same sea. It occurs, in addition, in some areas of the United States, for example, in California. Basically, this is the coast of such seas as Aegean, Black, Adriatic, Tyrrhenian, Azov, and also Marble.

Distinctive features of the subtropical climate - a warm (often hot) dry summer. First of all, this is due to the hot air that comes from the tropics. It seems to "hang" over the wet sea, and makes the probability of precipitation is almost zero. Winter is cool, with considerable precipitation. And this is thanks to the northern air masses. They come from temperate latitudes, and, cooling in the south, fall out in the form of rains and wet snow. But this is characteristic, rather, for the coast. Inland continents precipitation and in winter time a little. The latter often fall out in the subtropics in the form of snow, but a cover is not formed. There are, of course, anomalies.

The average summer temperature in the subtropical belt is 30-35 degrees above zero. In the winter, at night, it can, however, drop to minus four. Despite this, the temperature differences are relatively small.

Let's not forget about the differences of seasons in the hemispheres. And if the northernmost coldest time is January and February, then in the south - July and August. The same can be said about summer.

The subtropical climate in Russia

In this region are the North Caucasian republics, the Lower Volga region, as well as the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. On the administrative map of Russia, they all enter the Southern Federal District. In addition, these are the so-called subtropics of Russia.

The climate here, however, varies. And the reason is the high Caucasus Mountains. In winter, they do not let the wind blow from Kazakhstan and Georgia. So at this time in the Lower Volga region air masses, coming from other places , dominate.

In the summer, the Caucasus also delays moisture from the Atlantic, so that a significant amount of precipitation falls on its foothills. The same thing happens in the Crimea. The lowest rainfall falls on the Lower Volga and the Don basin - about 200 to 300 millimeters per year. And most of them in the Sochi region - more than 2000 mm.

For southern regions of Russia is characterized by a long, warm summer and a short, not cold winter. In some places, the latter is completely absent. So, there is practically no climatic winter in Sochi and in the southern part of the Crimea.

The temperature regime differs for coastal zones and areas located in the interior of the continent. So, in winter the temperature of the coldest month in the north ranges from eight to three with a minus sign. In more southern republics and on the coast at this time, not less than -1 degrees Celsius.

In summer the temperature also differs. High in the mountains in July, an average of +15. In the Krasnodar Territory the temperature in this month is already from +21 to +24. Hotter at this time in the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions. The air there is warming up to an average of plus 24-27 degrees Celsius. These are the subtropics of Russia.

The Mediterranean

For countries and regions in which such a subtropical climate, typical of the hot summer with a low amount of precipitation and warm winter. Snow falls only in the mountains. In general, in the summer, precipitation can be absent for up to five months. In a year they will drop no more than 800 millimeters, depending on the region.

The temperature in summer is generally high. And only in places it reduces the sea air. The temperature in winter rarely falls below zero.

Africa

The north and south-west of the continent is characterized by a subtropical Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and humid winters.

Here the average annual temperature is plus twenty. For example, on the African coast of the Mediterranean Sea, this figure is +28 and +12 degrees Celsius respectively for July and January. But in these places, the temperature differences over the seasons are more noticeable. In the southeast monsoons already dominate. In summer they catch up with moisture from the Indian Ocean. On her way rise the Dragon Mountains. Therefore, it rains all year round, and the climate is subtropical wet.

There are also a lot of precipitation on the southern and northern extremities of the continent. In the first case, their peak falls on the winter, in the second - for the summer.

Asia

Here the subtropical climate is represented in several variations. This is Mediterranean - on the coast of Asia Minor. And its main features are the same: hot and dry summer plus wet winter. Precipitation in the plains is small, but in the mountains up to three thousand millimeters a year. In the east is a subtropical monsoon climate. Its zone includes some Japanese islands, part of China and South Korea. Here precipitation is distributed more evenly within the calendar year. However, most of them will fall out in warm weather. In these places, hot summer and quite cool winter. The latter is due to the continental monsoon that the Siberian cold masses drive here.

But for the central part of Asia Minor, the climate is more subtropical continental. In some areas, annual temperature fluctuations reach ninety degrees. This is observed, for example, in the Upper Asian highlands. There it is very cold in winter, and in summer the air warms up, as in the tropics. And there is very little precipitation: a year will drop from 100 to 400 millimeters, depending on the location.

Based on all of the above, it can be concluded that the subtropical climate is very different. And although it has the main features characteristic of its latitudes, in some places it will seem at all and not as comfortable as in the Mediterranean resorts.

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