Breast biopsy - what is it? Breast biopsy: indications for carrying out and procedure features

Currently, there are a huge number of methods for diagnosing various diseases. To make the right diagnosis is half the battle, because it is possible to prescribe the right treatment, and the patient will have a chance to recover. The female half of mankind suffers from diseases of the breast quite often. It is very important to recognize oncology at an early stage. That's why a biopsy of the breast is being prescribed , what it is, we will try to disassemble in more detail.

The concept of "biopsy"

The essence of this method of diagnosis is to take a small amount of tissue from the breast for subsequent pathomorphological analysis.

This analysis can most reliably confirm or deny the presence of a malignant tumor in the chest. A biopsy also allows you to recognize suspicious cells.

This procedure is performed directly in the doctor's office. Depending on the type of biopsy, it can be performed with the use of pain medication or without anesthesia.

Other methods of research, for example, mammography or ultrasound, unfortunately can not give an accurate answer about the malignancy of education, and therefore a biopsy of the breast is prescribed. What this is and what varieties of this study are, we will analyze further.

Biopsy specimens

To make an accurate diagnosis, biopsy is used as the most accurate method of investigation. Depending on the technique, it can be of several types:

1. Fine needle aspiration. It is carried out in the case when it is possible to feel the tumors in the breast gland. The patient may sit or lie on the couch during the procedure. The biopsy site is treated with an antiseptic, and then a thin needle is inserted, and some tissue or fluid is sucked into the syringe if there is a cyst.
2. Stereotactic biopsy involves the taking of tissue from different areas of the neoplasm. There are situations when the tumor can not be probed because of its deep location, then use the help of mammography or ultrasound.
3. Thick-needle biopsy. This method allows you to get a tissue site much larger, since the needle is equipped with a cutting tool. This makes it possible to get the most accurate diagnosis.
4. Stereotaxic thick-needle biopsy is used when it is impossible to probe the tumor. Mammography images help determine the place of needle insertion.
5. Excisional biopsy. In this case, a small piece of the tumor is cut off. This method already resembles a surgical procedure, so it is performed with the use of anesthesia.
6. Excisional biopsy is a miniature surgical intervention. The surgeon removes only part of the lesion or completely it. If cancer cells are found, then not only the tumor is removed, but also the neighboring lymph nodes.

What kind of biopsy to choose, solves only the doctor after examining the analyzes and other studies.

Who is being biopsy?

If you decide to visit a mammologist, this does not mean that you will be assigned such a procedure. Most often, before the appointment of a biopsy, conduct other studies that can give a preliminary result.

These methods include mammography and ultrasound, if after their occurrence there are suspicions, then a biopsy of the breast is prescribed. Indications for this procedure can also be the following:

• The appearance of discharge from the nipples, especially bloody;
• Palpation of dense formation in the chest;
• There were changes in the area of the nipple, it could be peeling, discoloration, vpadal;
• The appearance of ulcers on the surface of the breast;
• On mammographic images, spots were found;
• Detection of suspicious areas in the chest during ultrasound.

If such pathologies are found, then the causes of their appearance can be established only with the help of a biopsy.

Importance of fine needle biopsy

This is a very informative analysis. Breast biopsy can detect not only oncological formations, but also benign changes, which include:

• Cyst;
• Papilloma intra-flow;
• Tumor, which is the necrosis of adipose tissue.

There are diseases in which a biopsy is prescribed, these include:

• mastitis;
• Mastopathy;
• A cancerous tumor in the breast;
• Cyst in the chest ;
• Fibroadenoma.

After a biopsy of the breast, it will be possible to confirm or deny the terrible diagnosis with 100% confidence. Do not be afraid of this procedure, especially since in 80% of cases the result is negative.

Preparing for a biopsy procedure

Biopsy refers to diagnostic procedures, but it requires some training requirements so that it can be successfully carried out. The doctor should warn the patient about some forbidden actions, which are not recommended to be performed before the procedure:

• Before biopsy, alcohol can not be taken.
• Taking medications that interfere with blood clotting is also undesirable, as this can affect the result.
• If a woman is expecting a child, a biopsy using an MRI is not performed.
• Magnetic resonance imaging for biopsy is prohibited if the patient has an electrocardiostimulator.
• Before the procedure, a woman should inform the doctor of allergic reactions to certain drugs, if any.

It would be nice if a woman was accompanied by a close person who was not only supported morally, but also helped to get home if the woman feels bad after a biopsy.

Biopsy procedure

There is no need to go to a hospital for biopsy. This manipulation is carried out in the office of a mammologist or surgeon. If the patient is prescribed a breast biopsy, what it is and how to behave during the procedure, the doctor should explain.

A woman during the procedure can lie on her back or on her side, facing the doctor. When the study is underway, it is advisable not to move and lie still. There are many biopsy specimens, and the doctor decides on which one to choose, depending on the specific situation.

Many believe that breast biopsy - it hurts, but this procedure can be carried out under local anesthesia, especially since some types of this study suggest the use of anesthesia.

After anesthesia and treatment with an antiseptic, the needle is inserted, with the help of which a small amount of tissue or liquid is collected. After the procedure, there is no need to apply stitches, it is enough to apply a cold compress and a pressure bandage. The amount of time for such a procedure may vary depending on the complexity of the situation. After a biopsy, the doctor must warn that any physical strain in the next 24 hours is prohibited.

Puncture biopsy of mammary glands

This type of study is prescribed in the case when mammography or ultrasound show volume formation in the chest, and it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. A puncture biopsy makes it possible to obtain tumor cells for further study.

Puncture biopsy is the most gentle method of diagnosis. It reminds more of an intramuscular injection. Such manipulation is carried out directly in the mammologist's office, and consists of the following stages:

1. Introduction of the needle into the neoplasm in the breast.
2. Selection of syringe samples of tissue and fluid.
3. Removing the needle.

This method of fine needle biopsy is often used in medical practice, because it is informative in terms of determining the good quality of education. The result of breast biopsy will help determine the further tactics of treatment. A doctor can determine with precision the need for surgical intervention.

Trepan biopsy

When it is necessary to determine the type and degree of development of the tumor, then trepan-biopsy of the mammary gland is used. Its essence consists in excision of the body of the neoplasm or its site. The procedure is painful, therefore anesthesia is usually used.

For the procedure, a special needle is used, consisting of a rod with a chisel and a long tube with a stitch that is inserted into the previously made cut. A section of cancer tissue is cut, which allows obtaining the most accurate result.

The thus obtained piece of tissue undergoes further morphological examination. Despite the high information content of this method of biopsy, it is used only in exceptional cases, since it poses a certain danger to a woman.

Post-biopsy

If the procedure is performed in the mammologist's office, then the woman after her graduation can go home. In addition to limiting physical activity, the rest of life is flowing in the same direction. After carrying out a thin-needle biopsy, bruises can form.

To ease your condition and reduce pain, you can take painkillers that do not contain acetylsalicylic acid.

If breast biopsy was performed with a surgical intervention, patients' reviews recommend better monitoring the joint condition, avoiding water entering the incision and avoiding sudden movements. Be sure to consult a doctor about grooming.

Obtaining biopsy results

The results of the biopsy will be known only after a few days, so you'll have to re-visit the doctor to find out. In conclusion, which will come from the laboratory, the following information will necessarily be contained:

• Tumor size;
• Color and consistency of samples taken;
• The location of neoplasms;
• Presence or absence of cancer cells.

If the results contain information about the presence of oncology, then it is mandatory to provide, as additional information, a kind of cancer and its susceptibility to hormonal drugs. Analyzing the results, the doctor together with the patient is determined with the most effective method of treatment.

Complications after biopsy

After any procedure and research, there may be undesirable consequences. Possible complications associated with biopsy may be as follows:

• Edema of the breast and bruising.
• Infection and bleeding.
• The shape of the breast may vary depending on the size of the removed tissue.
• Redness in the place of taking tissues.
• Raise body temperature.

If there are any suspicious manifestations, then this should be reported to the doctor. This may indicate the onset of an infectious process, then additional treatment will be required.

Here is a biopsy of the breast: what it is and why this procedure is necessary. The effectiveness of this method is really high, therefore, in order to establish a correct and accurate diagnosis it will be necessary to resort to it.

Health for every person is the most important thing. Sometimes it is better to endure all sorts of inconveniences and painful sensations, than then to go through a difficult and lengthy treatment. Do not be afraid of a biopsy, you should always hope for the best.