Biography of Khachaturian Aram Ilyich. Details. A photo

Personality never fits into the proposed framework. A fine example of this is the biography of Khachaturian Aram Ilyich. Khachaturian wanted to know the whole world. The son of a bookbinder was received by Queen Elizabeth of Belgium, he was welcomed by the revolutionary Che Guevara, he was introduced to the hero of intellectuals Ernest Hemingway - and all this is due to his outstanding gift of a composer whose music captivates from the first bars.

Childhood

Aram Khachaturyan was born in a village near Tiflis in 1903, and grew up in this noisy and cheerful city filled with folk music of Armenian, Georgian and Russian musicians. From childhood he spoke three languages. Houses - in Armenian, in the courtyard - in Georgian, in school - in Russian. And it was normal, quite natural. No one locked in the narrow framework of nationality, and Aram was open to all trends. He listened to the way Armenian mothers sang songs, the Georgian polyphony sounded on the street, the sounds of Russian romances were heard from the parks. In this atmosphere, the child wanted to sing and play. What happiness it was when, on the occasion, he bought a grand piano with sinking keys! Aram on it quickly learned to pick up all the tunes by ear, and also improvise a little. Thus began the creative biography of Khachaturian.

In Moscow

The houses did not approve of his craving for music and sent at nineteen years to the capital to brother Suren. There, Aram entered the Moscow University at the Faculty of Biology. But the very atmosphere of the capital - a musical and cultural center where you could attend symphony concerts, listen to operas, attend Mayakovsky's performances, did not have Aram to practice biology. He was irresistibly drawn to music. And his brother's friends advised him to pay serious attention to her. Therefore, not knowing the musical notation, the brave young man went to audition at the Gnessin School. Teachers were struck by hearing, musical memory, a sense of rhythm and inability to play any of the musical instruments. But Aram still accepted, not deciding to begin with, which faculty. It was the talent that determined how Khachaturian's biography would be formed.

Study in two places

Aram was torn to pieces. He wanted to please his father and mother, and he did not quit the university, and he was sent to study at the school in the cello class, a completely new thing, and in all theoretical disciplines it was necessary to catch up with the fellow students who studied them from childhood.

Money was not enough, he worked part-time with unloading, then with tutoring, he taught music lessons in kindergarten. Communication with young children gave Aram great pleasure. At the same time he began to compose, so brightly that his plays could be given to professionals.

Conservatory

From 1929 to 1934, Aram Ilyich studied the composition under the direction of MF Gnesin, and then N. Myaskovsky. The way in life for him was determined - the composition of musical works: in the student years there were suites, tokaty, concerts. The trio for clarinet and violin was highly praised by S. Prokofiev and took him to France. It was first performed in Paris. So Khachaturian's biography developed during his student years.

Marriage and personal life

In 1933 the wedding of Aram and his classmate took place, in the future the composer Nina Vladimirovna Makarova. It was a happy union, in which the son of Karen was born. The family was full of mutual understanding and absolute harmony. In the same thirty-third year, a festive and colorful "Dance Suite" was performed for a symphony orchestra. The end of the conservatory was marked by the composition of the First Symphony, which sounded under her vaults. The creative maturity of the composer, who was 32 years old, was coming.

Years of War

Before the war, Aram Khachaturyan wrote the ballet "Happiness". The libretto was not very successful, therefore, later in the cold Perm, he created a new work called Gayane. By that time, Aram Khachaturyan was a recognized composer. For his music for the drama "Masquerade" and for the comedy "The Valencian Widow" he was awarded the Order of Lenin. The ballet "Gayane" was staged by the collective of the Kirov Theater in 1942. In 1944 Aram Ilyich composed the Second, "Military" symphony, and also completed a violin concert, the first performer of which was David Oistrakh. In 1944 he created the national anthem of Armenia. He arrived in Yerevan in the summer, the windows in the apartment were open, and to the sounds of the anthem under them gathered people who, standing under the windows, began to sing along with the melody heard.

In 1945, the composer, on a wave of popular joy and enthusiasm, created the Third excited "triumphant" symphony. He recalled how hungry musicians - he, Shostakovich and Oistrakh - gave a concert for which they were treated to dinner. And such a moment absorbed the biography of Khachaturian.

The struggle with formalism in music

After the war, Stalin began to fight against cosmopolitanism. All the genres of art got strong. Aram Ilyich, who defended S. Prokofiev, was accused of formalism. The accusation was absurd, as the maestro's music was based on folk melodies that aroused the composer's fantasy. But he was dismissed from the Union of Composers, and then Aram Ilyich enthusiastically began a great creative activity. By 1954, he completed work on the ballet "Spartacus", and his premiere took place two years later in Leningrad. But full-scale ballet was staged only in 1968 on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater. With him on tour went abroad, as with "Gayane", and "Dance with sabers" became an independent number.

Work with theater and cinema

For theatrical productions, as mentioned, Aram Ilyich wrote music. On his account, twenty dramatic productions and twenty-five movies. Some of the work he later recycled into suites. These are "Masquerade", "Lermontov", "Macbeth", "King Lear", "Spartacus", "Gayane" and many others, which are very popular.

Teaching and social activities

In the 60 years, along with creative work Aram Ilyich taught at the Moscow Conservatory, and at the Institute. The Gnessins. He created new, he developed the principles of composition. Andrei Eshpai, Alexey Rybnikov, Mikael Tariverdiyev studied there. And this list can be continued for a long time. By the same time, his extensive representative activity, with which Khachaturian's biography is closely related, is relevant. The photo below shows him with Queen Elizabeth of Belgium. He did not refuse foreign business trips and met with Charlie Chaplin, with Herbert von Karajan, even with the Pope. But it upset him that the wide public activity did not give him the opportunity to write an opera. He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for his services to the 70th anniversary in 1973. Aram Ilyich was an honorary member of the Italian Academy of Music, a professor at the Mexican Conservatory, a corresponding member of the Academy of Arts of the GDR.

Such a tense life affected the composer's health, and he often began to get sick. He was aggravated by the illness and death of his beloved wife in 1976. And indeed, Aram Ilyich could not bear to live without her. Two years later, in 1978, at 75 he was no more. The biography of the great composer Khachaturian Aram Ilyich is over in our exposition. His life is continued in music and in the works of his students.

Khachaturian's biography briefly for children

At the beginning of the 20th century, in the noisy and hot Tiflis (now called Tbilisi), the fourth son was born in the printer's family, who was named Aram. Nobody knew that from childhood listening to folk songs that poured from all sides from all yards and streets, a little boy will learn on a half-broken piano by ear to pick up any melody and add something to it, and then he will go to Moscow and will Learn from both the biologist and the musician. Those who do music school know how much time and effort it takes to get a good mark, and only after the music school and the school can you do, if possible, at the Conservatory. But a very gifted young man was accepted to the Gnessin College, despite the fact that he did not know the musical notation, and his hands were not set, and he could not play any musical instrument. A lot of Aram Ilyich Khachaturyan had to comprehend. But he studied hard, and all the time he composed music. And when he graduated from the conservatory, his best composition was a waltz to Lermontov's drama "Masquerade." In the classroom at the music school, this, as they say now, sounds like a hit, like "Dance with sabers" from the ballet "Gayane".

The works of Aram Ilyich were played by our best performers, who toured all over the world. So his works were recognized not only at home, but also abroad. He was a welcome guest of the Queen of Belgium, Charlie Chaplin, Stravinsky, Sibelius, the Pope of Rome. This is the biography of Khachaturian for children.