Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography, creativity

The main theme of the writers' work was the Great Patriotic War. And the hero-soldier Vasily Terkin, created by him, received such great popularity that, one might say, surpassed the author himself. About the life and work of an amazing Soviet writer, we'll talk about this article.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography

The future poet was born according to the old style on June 8 (June 21 - new) in 1910 in the village of Zagorje, which is in Smolensk province. His father, Trifon Gordeevich, was a blacksmith, and his mother, Maria Mitrofanovna, resembled a family of peasants (farmers who lived on the outskirts of Russia and had to guard its borders).

His father, despite his peasant background, was a literate man and loved to read. The house even had books. I knew how to read and the mother of a future writer.

Alexander had a younger brother Ivan, born in 1914, who later became a literary man.

Childhood

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky first met with the works of Russian classics. A brief biography of the writer tells that in the family Tvardovsky was a custom - on winter evenings one of parents read aloud Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. It was then that Tvardovsky acquired a love for literature and even began to compose the first verses, still not really learning how to write correctly.

Little Alexander studied in a rural school, and already at the age of fourteen he began sending small notes to the local newspapers for publication, some of them even were printed. Soon Tvardovsky ventured to send and poetry. The editor of the local newspaper, Rabochiy Put, supported the initiative of the young poet and largely helped him overcome his natural shyness and began publishing.

Smolensk-Moscow

After graduation, Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky (whose biography and work is represented in this article) moves to Smolensk. Here the future writer wanted either to continue studying, or to find a job, but he could not do either - he needed at least some specialty that he did not have.

Tvardovsky lived for a pittance, which brought inconstant literary earnings, for which they had to beat the thresholds of editorial offices. When the poems of the poet were published in the capital magazine "October", he went to Moscow, but here luck did not smile either. As a result, in 1930, Tvardovsky was forced to return to Smolensk, where he spent the next 6 years of his life. At this time, he was able to enter a pedagogical institute, which he did not finish, and again went to Moscow, where in 1936 he was admitted to MIFLI.

During these years, Tvardovsky already began to actively publish, and in 1936 the poem "Country of Muravia", dedicated to collectivization, was published, which glorified him. In 1939, Tvardovsky's first poetic collection Rural Chronicle appeared.

Military years

In 1939 Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was drafted into the Red Army. The biography of the writer at this moment abruptly changes - he is in the center of military operations in Western Belarus. Since 1941, Tvardovsky worked in the Voronezh newspaper "Red Army".

This period is characterized by the flourishing of the writer's work. In addition to the famous poem "Vasily Terkin", Tvardovsky creates a cycle of poems "Frontline Chronicle" and begins work on the famous poem "The House Near the Road," which was completed in 1946.

Vasily Terkin

Biography Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich abounds in various creative achievements, but the greatest of them is the writing of the poem "Vasily Terkin." The work was written throughout the Great Patriotic War, that is, from 1941 to 1945. It was published in small parts in military newspapers, thereby raising the morale of the Soviet army.

The work is distinguished by an accurate, understandable and simple syllable, rapid development of actions. Each episode of the poem is related to each other only by the image of the main character. Tvardovsky himself said that this was due to the fact that he and his reader could die at any minute, therefore each story should be finished in the same issue of the newspaper in which it was started.

This story has made Twardowski a cult author of wartime. In addition, the poet was awarded for the work of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1 st and 2 nd degree.

Postwar Creation

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky continues his active literary activity after the war. Biography of the poet is complemented by the writing of a new poem "For the distance - the distance," which was written between 1950 and 1960.

From 1967 to 1969, the writer is working on an autobiographical work "On the Right of Memory". The poem tells the truth about the fate of Father Tvardovsky, who became a victim of collectivization and was repressed. This work was prohibited for publication by censorship and the reader was able to get to know her only in 1987. The writing of this poem seriously spoiled Tvardovsky's relationship with the Soviet authorities.

The biography of Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich is also rich in prosaic experiments. All the most important, of course, was written in a poetic form, but several collections of prose stories were published. For example, in 1947 came the "Homeland and the foreign land", dedicated to the Second World War.

"New world"

Do not forget about the journalistic activities of the writer. For many years, Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky, editor-in-chief of the Novy Mir journal, was the editor-in-chief of the journal. The biography of this period is full of all kinds of clashes with official censorship - the poet had to defend the right to publish for a number of talented authors. Thanks to the efforts of Tvardovsky, the works of Solzhenitsyn, Zalygin, Akhmatova, Troepolsky, Molsaev, Bunin, and others were printed.

Gradually the magazine became a serious opposition to the Soviet authorities. Here writers of the sixties were published and anti-Stalinist thoughts were openly voiced. A real victory for Tvardovsky was the permission to publish the story of Solzhenitsyn.

However, after the removal of Khrushchev to the editors of the "New World" began to exert strong pressure. This resulted in the fact that Tvardovsky was forced in 1970 to leave the place of the editor-in-chief.

Recent years and death

So the biography comes to an end. Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky, whose death was dated December 18, 1971, died of lung cancer. The writer died in the town of Krasnaya Pakhra, which is in the Moscow region. The writer's body was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Alexander Tvardovsky lived a rich and vivid life and left behind an agrarian literary heritage. Many of his works have entered the school curriculum and remain popular to this day.