A violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover: examples and samples. Norms for constructing word combinations and sentences with participial turnover

The grammar of the Russian language is interesting and complex. In the school curriculum, there are many strata of syntax, morphology, word formation, which are difficult for students to perceive. A violation in the construction of a sentence with participial trafficking is one of the common mistakes made by students.

The concept of sacrament

A participle is a part of speech that combines the morphological signs and the name of the adjective, and the verb. Words that refer to the sacrament as part of speech answer the question of the adjective which? , And also, because of the close semantics of the verb, to the questions of what is doing ?, what did he do? For example, a boy (what? What do you do?) Singing, a bunny (what? What did?) Jumped. Communion has constant grammatical features of the verb: form, time, recurrence - and the non-permanent signs of the adjective: number, gender, case.

The unique sign of participles

A permanent, unique attribute of participles is a discharge - real or passive. The word refers to the category of actual participles, if it contains the semantics of the action by the object itself: flying - flies itself, lived - lived itself, looking - looks himself, lying - lying himself . When the semantics of the word shows that the action is not performed by the object itself, but occurs as a result of extraneous influence, then the word refers to passive participles. Next to the passive participles you can use a pronoun or noun in the instrumental case: told by someone, brought by a tourist, closed by the wind, read by a student .

Phrase with Communion

There are some features of the construction of word combinations and sentences with communion. Communion is consistent with the noun or pronoun as well as the adjective: in number, gender, case. For example, the shining sea , because of the destructive wind , with a smiling girl , along the swinging branches . For the correct statement of the ending in the communion you need to ask him a question from the main word: the house (how oh ?) Collapsed, on the sea (like ohm ?) Raging him , about the wave (how oh ?) Running to her . The noun (pronoun) with the participle is connected according to the principle of coordination, where the dependent word is likened to the main word in the number, gender, case.

The concept of participial turnover

The syntactic role of participles is similar to the role of adjectives: often they are definitions, more rarely - part of a nominal predicate. In the sentence, the participle depends on the noun or pronoun: a tree (what?) Growing, it (what?) Planted. If the communion plays the role of the main word, that is, the other words depend on the participle, then a participial turn appears. Example and definition: built (when?) Yesterday, singing (how?) Loudly, then participial circulation is the communion with its dependent word. The participial turn in the sentence is segregated (separated by commas) if it follows its main word or refers to a personal pronoun: The fence colored by children has become brighter. Beautifully dancing , he was shining.

Proposals with involved turnovers

In the works of students and the speech of the Russian-speaking population, there is often a violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover. Being an exclusive syntactic structure, the involved turn in the proposal occupies a special place. There are norms for constructing a sentence with participial turns. First, participial circulation should be used in the immediate vicinity of the main word, there should not be other members of the sentence between them.

Secondly, the communion in the participial turnover must be exactly coordinated with the main word. Wrong coordination is a violation in the construction of a proposal with participatory turnover.

Thirdly, the main word can not break the involved turn.

In the examination papers on the Russian language there is a task for constructing sentences with participial circulation. The rules of their correct use help to avoid typical mistakes.

Separate definition and subordinate determinative

The participial turnover fulfills the syntactic role of the definition. A separate definition, which is expressed by participial turnover, is similar to a complex proposal with a subordinate clause. For example:

• The man who spoke to the people turned out to be a volunteer.
• The man who spoke to the people turned out to be a volunteer.

For all the similarity of the above constructions, they can not be homogeneous. The sentence, where the participial turnover is used as a homogeneous member of the proxy attributive part, is considered incorrect, it is necessary to correct errors. The construction of a proposal with participial turnover requires compliance with the rule: participial turnover can not be a homogeneous clause of the attributive part. So, the proposal: The artist who gave the concert and who received the fee, left the hotel - is considered incorrect. You can correct it like this: An artist who gave a concert and received a fee left the hotel. Or so: The artist who gave the concert and received the fee, left the hotel.

Involvement in a complex sentence

Not only in the test tasks there is a violation of the construction of the proposal with participial turnover. Examples of such errors can be found in the creative work of students, especially when using the traffic in a complex sentence. For example, in the sentence: The example solved by the whole class was so simple that when the teacher published an answer to it, all were confused - two mistakes were made in constructing a complex sentence. So, in the sentence, a real participle is used, which is decided instead of the necessary passive participle; In the sentence of the two subordinate unions, what and when they stand side by side in the absence of a consistent subordination of subordinate clauses is a violation of the construction of a complex sentence.

Punctuation in sentences with participatory turnover

There is also a punctuation violation in the construction of a sentence with a participial turnover. Often participial trafficking is a separate definition, separated by commas. For the correct arrangement of punctuation marks, it is necessary to follow the rules and norms for constructing word combinations and sentences with participial circulation.

Sources of tasks

Question: "Where to find exercises for the topic:" Errors in the construction and use of proposals with participial turnover "?" - often asked by schoolchildren. A lot of manuals have been developed to prepare for the final exams in the Russian language. They contain theoretical material on the topic under consideration and practical assignments. Benefits are available in book stores, where there are also separate collections with test tasks. There are more and more specialized sites on the pages of which you can find exercises for various topics and sections of Russian grammar.

Spelling of Sacraments

The spelling of the endings of participles is determined by the question asked from the main word. The spelling of suffixes in participles depends on the conjugation of the verb. The suffix -yush (-yush) is written in the actual participle (of the present time), if it is formed from the verb of the first conjugation, and the suffixes -aash (-nash) , if formed from the verb of the second conjugation. For example, cherish (1 conjugation) - nurturing, build (2 conjugation) - building. The actual participles (past tense) before the suffix -wish preserve the suffix, which was in the infinitive before: ce - that's all, hate - hateful. The suffering participle (present tense) requires a suffix -em , if it is formed from the verb of the first conjugation, and the suffix -im , if from the second: read (1 conjugation) - readable, hear (2 conjugation) - audible. It is inherent in the passive participles (past tense) to preserve the suffix of the infinitive before the suffix -nn : the story is tale- ta nny, seyat - se penny. If the passive participle is formed from a verb with a suffix -u or a suffix -e- , then it will have a suffix -enne : to offend - offended, cut down - sawn.