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A sentence with homogeneous predicates: examples. Homogeneous subjects and predicates

In order to make it easier to convey to the listener the meaning of what has been said, the Russian language uses the homogeneous terms of the sentence. Compare: "Shady forest calls a traveler. A shady forest beckons a traveler. Shady forest promises coolness. " Or the same, but filed in one sentence: "Shady forest calls, beckons traveler and promises coolness."

A sentence with homogeneous predicates, examples Which you will see in this article, helps to simplify the semantic load, eliminating the need to pile up several syntactic constructions in the text.

Features of the composition of simple sentences

You probably know how simple sentences differ from complex ones. The former have only one grammatical basis, which, as a rule, includes a subject and a predicate (or one of these members). And complex proposals of such bases can have two or more.

But in addition to the above-mentioned ways of expressing thought in Russian, there are also so-called complicated constructions. That is, those that include, for example, homogeneous terms. So, a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates "This lecture is interesting and informative" - not quite simple. It will be considered complicated in Russian grammar.

By the way, there is still a complication with introductory words or sentences, as well as separations, appeals, etc. We will dwell on the first version of complicated constructions.

The main features of homogeneity for the members of the proposal

But before we start discussing homogeneous subjects and predicates, let us recall the general rules relating to all members of the sentence.

The main sign of homogeneity for both principal and minor members of any sentence is that in this construction they will be equal, performing one syntactic function, referring to one member in the sentence and, accordingly, answering the same question.

Between them, regardless of the part of speech, there is either a compositional or an all-union syntactic connection that emphasizes their equality. The first is expressed, as a rule, by the intonation of the enumeration and the composition unions, and the unionless relationship is expressed only intonationally.

Which predicates can be homogeneous

And the secondary members, and the subject, and the predicate in the Russian language, becoming in a series of homogeneous, nevertheless can have dependent words (however, the same applies to secondary members). For example: "The girl looked out the window and sighed." In this sentence there are two homogeneous predicates (glanced and sighed), but the first of them is distributed by the addition (in the window), and the second has no dependent words.

Most often, all the homogeneous members of the sentence-the predicate, the subject or others-belong to one part of speech, but there are also constructions in which they can refer to different grammatical classes, to be expressed by phraseologicalisms or word combinations.

For example, in the sentence "Andrey joked and laughed to tears," the predicates were expressed with a verb (joking) and phraseological turn (laughing to tears), which does not prevent them from being homogeneous at the same time.

How a number of homogeneous members

For the grammatical union of homogeneous members, the sentence uses both enumerative intonation and conjunctions. The latter can be connecting (and, yes), adversive (a, but), as well as separative (or, or). In the example "She either speaks on the phone, or runs to her friends" the main member of the sentence - the predicate - is connected by a separative union "or". And in the example: "This boy is small, but smart" they are joined by the opposing "but" union.

A comma between homogeneous subjects and predicates

The main punctuation rule when writing homogeneous sentence terms is that in the absence of alliances between them a comma is put. Homogeneous predicates are no exception. Examples "The rain whispered, cradled, drove the languor", "Under the sun, the drops shone, shimmered and seemed to be silver" confirm this.

But notice that in the second sentence, between two of the three predicates, there is a "u" union that excludes the comma. True, this is possible only if it does not repeat, otherwise you will have to pay attention to the subtleties.

When a comma is put in sentences with repeating unions

In the design "And his hands and face and clothes were covered with a thick layer of soot" homogeneous subjects are connected by a repeated union "and", and this case already requires you to put a comma between them.

In a situation where the union breaks up homogeneous terms into meaningful pairs, each of them is taken as a single component from a homogeneous series: "The yelp and screams, laughter and footsteps of the feet were audible through a dissolved window and beckoned into the yard."

Note that homogeneous subjects and predicates in this construction are connected in different ways: the subject "squeal and screams", "laughter and stamping" are arranged in pairs, and a comma stands between them. And between the predicates "were heard" and "beckoned" there is a composition union, so the comma there is not needed.

The comma is also put in sentences where homogeneous members are joined by so-called double unions (not only ... but ... not so much ... as ... ... if not ..., then ... etc.).

Note that in the sentence "The snow covered not only the lawn in front of the house, but also hung on the trees with a white blanket" and similar to it a comma in a double alliance is put before its second part.

A comma in sentences with several rows of homogeneous terms

A sentence with homogeneous predicates (examples you can see in the article) in some cases has several series of homogeneous terms. They need to be distinguished from designs, where there is only one such series, and between the homogeneous members - repeated alliances.

In the sentence "In this house the cat and the dog lived peacefully and did not quarrel" there are 2 rows of homogeneous members (subject - "cat and dog", as well as predicates - "lived and did not quarrel"). They are united in pairs by a connecting union "and", which means that a comma in this construction is not put.

A sentence with homogeneous predicates: examples of a colon with the main terms of the sentence

A number of homogeneous members of the sentence, regardless of the part of the speech to which they are expressed, can carry with them words possessing a generalizing meaning and equally referring to each lexical unit of that series. For example, in the sentence "On the counter bright piles were poured fruit: apples, pears, plums and peaches", the generalized word "fruit" carries a generic concept.

If in a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates or other members of the sentence there is a generalizing word, after it a colon is put. When reading, as a rule, there is a pause in this place: "Mom had time to do everything: prepare dinner, wash, wipe dust and sing songs."

By the way, the generalizing word always turns out to be the same member of the sentence as the homogeneous terms that exist under it, since they have one syntactic function.

Examples of dashes under the main terms of the sentence

If the homogeneous series ends with a generalizing word, then it is separated by a dash: "And milk, and berries, and mushrooms - everything in the village seemed especially tasty." "Her thin hands, curls at her temples, even flowers on her dress - everything caused delight and seemed beautiful" - homogeneous predicates here are separated from homogeneous dashes, because after them there is a generalizing word.

Together with the generalizing word, the introductory word can also be used (that is, in one word, namely, somehow, etc.), then a comma is put between them: "No fleeting glances, no sudden flush, no sighs - in a word, nothing Did not slip away from his attentive eyes. "

Some cases when dashes are placed

Dashes with homogeneous members can stand not only in the case of enumeration. So, if homogeneous predicates carry a sharp semantic opposition of one to another or a sudden affiliation, a dash is put between them: "I went out into the garden - and froze when I saw the squirrel on the roof of the gazebo." Dash in such proposals emphasizes the surprise, the suddenness of the action: "The Prince met Cinderella - and immediately fell in love with her."

By the way, if homogeneous members do not have alliances with each other, but at the same time express an opposition, they also share a dash: "He is light - he is darkness, he is faith - he is a beast".

How to recognize heterogeneous and homogeneous predicates: examples

If words are used in the sentence to emphasize the multiplicity of objects, the duration of the action or its repeatability, such sentence members belong to homogeneous ones.

Pay attention: "We sailed, sailed, floated in a thick, impenetrable fog." The predicate in Russian in such a construction is considered as a single member of the sentence.

Can not be considered homogeneous and lexical forms that are connected by the particles "not" and "so" (see, do not look, walk so walk and the like). These stable combinations are not separated by a comma.

There can not be homogeneous members and parts of a compound predicate, which is expressed by a combination of verbs (I'll go to rest, let's see, take and complain, etc.). The construction with them can not be regarded as a sentence with homogeneous predicates.

Examples of sentences with phraseological phrases (neither give, nor fish, nor meat, and laughter and sin, etc.) are classified according to the same criteria.

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