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A number of metal activities as an expression of the basic properties of these elements

Metals are the most important and in many ways unique chemical elements. Virtually all of them are characterized by such properties as good electrical conductivity, gloss, thermal conductivity. At the same time, among them, separate groups can be distinguished, the characteristics of which will differ substantially. Part of these distinctive features formed the basis of such a concept as "a series of metal activity."

Metals are known to differ in that during the chemical reactions give free electrons. The electrode potential depends on the speed of this process. In turn, these quantities served as the basis for forming a series of stresses of metals-a relatively conventional sequence that characterizes the ability of an element to react with one or another of the substances.

The conditional nature of the place of each element in a given row follows from the fact that at different temperatures and composition of the solution they behave more or less actively. The average values of the indicators are derived at a solution temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and gas pressure in one atmosphere. It is under these conditions that a number of metal activities take the form that is familiar to each of the school chemistry courses.

Of all these indicators, a whole list of important properties follows. First, a number of tensions in metals can help us predict how certain elements behave during the reaction: those that are in the given sequence to the left will replace those that are to the right of them. Secondly, if the element is located to the left of hydrogen, the electrode potential of which is assumed to be equal to zero, then it can displace it from acid solutions. This applies in particular to lithium, sodium, potassium and other alkaline elements. Finally, thirdly, a number of metal activities are of considerable help in the creation of galvanic cells: the farther apart the elements are in it, the higher the electric potential between them will arise.

It was guided by what metals are pushing each other out of the salt solutions, and the outstanding Russian scientist Beketov made up his famous table. This table was subsequently adjusted somewhat and served as the basis for what has been known for more than a hundred years as a "metal activity series".

It is curious to compare certain regularities that follow from the Periodic Table and the given sequence. So, based on the work of Mendeleev, potassium should be more active than sodium and lithium, but a number of tensions give a completely different picture. The main reason for this contradiction lies in the grounds that are the basis of these sequences. The periodic system reflects the change in the ionization energy of atoms, and the Beketov sequence is what kind of work needs to be done in order to transfer one or another element from a solid state to a set of ions in the idea of an aqueous solution.

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