Where does the Amur River flow? In which direction is the Amur River flowing?

The source of the Amur River is considered to be the confluence of the Shilka and Argun rivers in the Trans-Baikal Territory. There are many ridges in the valleys of which there are numerous streams. On tops and gentle slopes from granites and sandstones grows larch thin thaw.

Source and current

The length from the source to the place where the Amur River flows is 2824 kilometers. The height of the terrain changes greatly during the course of the current. The first 900 kilometers is a plateau, where the channel is not suitable for navigation. At the same time, there are many small tributaries here. In the Blagoveshchensk area, numerous loops and lowlands begin. "Krivuny" are local attractions, surprising tourists.

Between Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk is a slow flow and lowlands. Here is a large tributary of Zeya. Some experts are inclined to think that the Amur is a tributary of Zeya, since at the confluence site the channel is wider and fuller. Anyway, the discussion on this matter continues today.

The lower part is characterized by strong waterlogging. On the area surrounding the estuary, where the Amur River flows into , waterproof clays are herbaceous and mossy-grassy swampy areas. Peatlands in the north of the Khabarovsk Territory form mari. It is a bog with rare larches.

The mouth

In which direction is the Amur River flowing? Where does one of the longest waterways of the country fall? The first question can be answered confidently that to the east. At the same time, the waters have to make several serious turns in the course of their current, and also to change several climatic and physico-geographical zones. These are forests, forest-steppes, steppes and even semi-deserts.

As for the second question, there are several points of view about where the Amur River flows into. It ends with the same liman. Thanks to fresh water, the level of salinity here is relatively low (about 10%), while the similar indicator in the Sea of Okhotsk varies at a level of 30%.

The Amur estuary is referred to the Sea of Okhotsk or the Sea of Japan. For example, domestic specialists are supporters of the first theory, which is reflected in all sorts of encyclopedias and reference books of the USSR and Russia. At the same time, abroad, the second point of view is popular - about the Sea of Japan (International Hydrographic Organization, etc.).

Near the mouth, where the Amur River flows, the city of Nikolayevsk-on-Amur is located. Until 1926, it was called Nikolaevsky and received its name in honor of Emperor Nicholas I, in whose reign was founded. Until 1870, it was the main port in the Russian Far East, where he then moved to Vladivostok.

Pool

The rivers flowing into the Amur River form an extensive basin. Only 54% of its area is in Russia, another 44% - in China, the remaining 2% - in Mongolia. The river itself can be divided into three sections: the upper one, to the tributary of Zeya, the middle one, to Ussuri, and the lower one to the mouth.

The total area of the basin is equal to 1,855,000 km ² . According to this indicator, the Amur is on the fourth place among the rivers of Russia, behind Yenisei, Ob and Lena. The largest river in the European part of the country is the Volga, inferior to the Far Eastern artery, having a basin area of 1.361 thousand km ² .

Climate and mineral resources

Due to the nature of the climate during the year, the water level fluctuates considerably. So, monsoon rains make up about 75% of the annual runoff. Periodically spills floodplains can reach 10-30 kilometers. That's why Amur's food is rain.

More recently, in 2013, torrential rains led to massive flooding of settlements and large-scale evacuation of the population. More than a hundred people died, and thousands more were injured. According to meteorologists, such natural disasters occur here no more than once in two hundred years.

Local waters are covered with ice by the second decade of November. Spring autopsy occurs in April. The approximate navigation season is 150-170 days.

The bowels next to the places where the Cupid flows, as well as the depths of the river itself, are rich in the gifts of nature. These are minerals such as iron ore, coal, antimony, tin, graphite, gold, molybdenum, lead and graphite. A large number of chalk, limestone, marble, cement raw materials, etc.

The border position, where several natural zones adjoin, enriched the Amur with a diverse fish. So, for example, the local salmon lives in water, the temperature of which is optimal for it. And the slightest excess of it already makes the environment unsuitable for his life. On the contrary, for tropical fish, the local waters are the coldest ones suitable for normal life. Such an amazing combination of local inhabitants is explained by the biological characteristics of fish as a species. The protein of these living organisms changes temperature according to the indices of water, in contrast to warm-blooded animals, for example, mammals.

Settlements

In the area from the sources to the place where the Amur River flows, there are several cities. This is Amursk (founded in 1958), Blagoveshchensk (1856), Khabarovsk (1858), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (1932), Nikolayev-on-Amur (1850). At the same time, Blagoveshchensk is the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Region, and Khabarovsk is the center of the province of the same name (the subject of the federation). A great role in the development of local lands in its time played the Cossacks, who turned out to be local Russian pioneers. Often their life consisted of a hastily delivered hut among deserted and alien marshes. Such buildings of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Are a local landmark (for example, in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur).

A curious distinctive feature is that this water artery in its considerable area is the state border between Russia and China. Historically, until the XVII century, the land in the lower reaches of the river was under the jurisdiction of the Celestial Empire. On the right bank of the Amur, there are also Chinese cities, for example Heihe.

Etymology

All those territories where the origin starts, where the Cupid flows, at different times belonged to different peoples and civilizations. In this regard, the river wore some name. The Russian version appeared as an onomatopoeia for local Tungus-Manchu languages, in translation from which the toponym means "big river".

The Chinese call the water artery a "black river", in other words, Heihe. This is due to local mythology. Once in the waters there lived a dragon of black color. The anatomy of the body of a mythical creature personifies the tributaries of the river, which are the "paws" of the flying serpent.