EducationSecondary education and schools

What is the main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin?

The Moscow Kremlin is a most valuable architectural ensemble not only in Russia, but throughout Europe. It is located on the banks of the Moskva River, in the heart of the Russian capital. The main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin is called Uspensky. It is about him that will be discussed in our article.

Uspensky Cathedral - the main cathedral of the Kremlin

In any country, they try to carefully preserve monuments that are of historical and cultural significance. Many of them are still functioning today. The Assumption Church is also the main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

In 1326 the first stone building of the majestic cathedral was erected on the Moscow Square. The construction was carried out under the supervision of Metropolitan Peter the Great, on the orders of Prince John Kalita. There is a version that there was a wooden church on the foundation site earlier.

The main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin - what it is, and how it looks today? About this - further.

Bookmark and construction of the shrine

The main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin is called the Assumption Cathedral. The building of this church was a significant event, because Moscow was proclaimed an ancient city. According to historical records and memoirs of priests, it becomes known that the Assumption Cathedral is the first in Moscow church stone church, which became the main temple of Russia, thereby taking a step above the Church of Vladimir.

In 1327, when the construction was completed and divine services began to be held in the cathedral, Metropolitan Peter left this sinful world and perished in the building of the temple from the north side. The burial place is near the altar.

Restructuring of the temple

Thus, the Assumption Church became the main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Already in the second half of the 15th century, John Vasilievich, the prince of Russia, who controlled all the principalities, started rebuilding the Assumption Cathedral, thus creating a new residence.

By 1472, the temple was completed. For the erection of a new, more majestic building of the cathedral, the well-known architects Myshkin and Krivtsov were invited at that time. But the temple was not destined to stand for long, and it collapsed. The construction did not end there, although such a case could prompt some thoughts. The Prince draws to work the best Italian architect Aristotle Fiorovanti.

The construction of the new building lasted four years, while the drawings of the Vladimir Cathedral were used. And already from 1479 on Moscow Square one of the greatest monuments of Christianity was erected, which became the decoration of the Kremlin. Consecration of the temple, and after all this procedure is simply necessary for such buildings, the new metropolitan Gerontius of Moscow was engaged, after which in memory of the first saint the relics of Peter were returned to the temple grounds.

But even after that the temple was not left alone, and it continued to haunt destruction. In 1812, when the Patriotic War was in full swing, the cathedral was thoroughly plundered by the soldiers of Napoleon. Partially managed to return the stolen back, and from silver was made a chandelier that adorned the center of the temple.

The fate of the shrine in the XIX-XX centuries

The main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin is the greatest monument of architecture of European scale. However, time did not spare this building, with time it began to gradually break down.

In the second half of the XIX - first half of the XX century, restoration work began. First of all, specialists began to restore the altar zone, as a result of which frescoes dating from the 15th and 16th centuries were discovered. Restoration of the building was carried out for several decades and in 1906 was completed.

In 1917, after the sad events of the October Revolution, the cathedral was turned into a museum, which acquired the appearance of ensemble, which was characterized by complete preservation of the interior. At that time, all the paintings and icons were open for public viewing. During the Soviet era, the restoration work in the Assumption Cathedral was not engaged. And since 1990, in the walls of the temple, chants began to sound again, and divine services were resumed.

The main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin: features of architecture

The attracted Italian architect completely reproduced the image of the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral. That is, the building was a cross-domed church, but in turn, the architect made some adjustments, which significantly removed it from the prototype. The Cathedral was built of white stone and was a monolithic structure. The chroniclers described the temple as a "single stone," from which a majestic church loomed.

The temple was pompous, solemn and spacious, its vault supported by round pillars. The building was so spacious that it looked more like a palace hall. Even by today's standards, the Assumption Cathedral on the Kremlin Square is considered to be the most valuable building, and the style of implementation is painstaking and complex. It should be noted that in the image of the cathedral in Moscow until the XVII century, almost all the temples of Russia were built.

Description of external appearance of the building

As already mentioned above, the main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin is a monolithic structure, divided by round pillars-columns into 12 squares of the same size.

On the smooth exterior walls of the temple, only the belt-arcature is distinguished, as well as narrow, elongated windows. The main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin is five-domed. From the south and north apses of the building are covered with pylons.

The interior of the cathedral: murals and murals

Interior decoration was also carried out by the best masters of the time. The work was simply magnificent and breathtaking, and even today some fragments remained on the altar barrier. The most ancient frescoes, dating from 1481, depict monastic ascetics. In addition, the fresco "The Forty Sebastean Martyrs", the famous "Adoration of the Magi" and other works of fine art are of great historical significance.

The following found murals date back to 1513-1515. If you look at the vault of the temple, you can see the image of the sky, supported by pillars bearing the martyrs on them. Such a combination is filled with symbolism, because the pillars keep the vault, so the martyrs support the faith in Christ.

The general layout of the murals of the Assumption Cathedral was carefully thought out and built. In addition, the most striking are the images on the lower tier of the walls of the cathedral of seven Ecumenical churches. And, by tradition, the western wall is decorated with the composition "The Last Judgment".

Finally...

The main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin is Uspensky - a majestic architectural monument of the XIV-XV century. Numerous tourists and travelers are struck by the temple not only with its architecture, but also with a wonderful, unique interior decoration.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 en.birmiss.com. Theme powered by WordPress.