Suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb. Spelling of suffixes of verbs

The spelling of a verb is not such an easy topic as it seems at first glance, and many understand this. Vowels and consonants in the root, endings, prefixes - all this requires special attention. The suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb are also far from being so simple. Conjugation, the kind of verb - they are influenced very, very much. But even with this you can easily cope, there would be a desire. Let's try to understand, from what the spelling of suffixes of verbs depends, and what they, these most suffixes, in general happen.

Basis of the basics

Any lesson of the Russian language "Undefined form of the verb" would begin with the definition of the corresponding concept. The infinitive (and this is how it is called scientifically) is an initial, zero form, given in dictionaries and not having any morphological features. So, the indefinite form of the verb: time, face, number and inclination are absent, but it has a perfect ( answer ) or imperfect ( respond ) kind; The category of pledge - valid ( pronounced ) and passive ( must be pronounced ); Return ( turn out ) and non-return ( run ). This wordform answers the questions what to do? And what to do? And one of its main features are suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb: - Th, ti, ch -. Some linguists distinguish such suffixes as.

And how to understand that this is an infinitive?

Definitely sort of sorted out. And what's next? How to define an undefined verb form? Can we somehow understand that before us is the infinitive, and not something else? Easily! Take the verb we need, for example, read , and look at its morphemic composition (those parts of the word, of which it consists). In this case, there is our suffix - Th -, in addition, we ask the question to the verb: read - what to do? And the second sign corresponds. For complete certainty, you can try to determine the person, number and time - and this can not be done. But the form ( what to do? - imperfect), recurrence (there is no postfix -yas- - the verb is irrevocable) and the pledge ( read - I do myself - the real one) are found without difficulty.

Another example is the verb flashing . There is no suffix we need, and to try to ask a question, he answers what I'm doing? - Again, not what we need. It is already clear that in this example there is a person (I am blinking the first), and the number (single), and the time (present), as well as the form (imperfect), and the return (irrevocable), and the pledge (valid). That is, this word form is not an infinitive.

Before determining the indefinite form of the verb, you need to check it for the presence of the main morphological features. If they do not exist, well, we have an infinitive, if there is a person, number and time, then this is simply a declining verb form.

The end of the infinitive?

Another very difficult question for many is the spelling of verbal endings, depending on the conjugation. It's not a very easy question to first determine which conjugation the verb belongs to, and for this you need to put the verb into our undefined form, see what it ends, proceeding from this, if possible, determine the conjugation and only then put the ending in The personal form of the verb. With the infinitive everything is much simpler.

Endings of verbs in an indefinite form are a topic that does not exist. Now many are frowning incomprehensibly: after all, somehow we define the same conjugation, we are looking at the ending for this? No no and one more time no. That vowel in front of suffixes of the infinitive is another suffix, although some linguists define it as an ending. It is necessary to remember: since there are no morphological signs, then the verbs can not end in an indefinite form. The infinitive is characterized by the presence of only suffixes.

A suffix, not an ending

Let's return to the final, infinitesimally determining suffixes. On what does it depend which one to choose correctly for the verb? Of course, for a Russian speaker this is not a problem at all - we intuitively feel what to use, but for those who study the great and mighty as a foreign language, such a choice can be very difficult.

The suffix - ti - is usually under the stress ( non-stylized, lucky ), and also it occurs in words derived from these, when they appear in the stressed-in prefix ( prefix, in ) - most often this prefix is you .

- Th - in turn occurs where there is no stress ( speaking, laughing ).

Presence is a characteristic of verbs whose base ends with - d, m - ( upadu - fall, pleth - weave ), the second suffix also exists in verbs, the basis of which in personal form ends in - ( grebu - rowing ).

Of course, there are a number of cases when the suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb do not obey the basic rules, for example, the klana - klysti, grow - grow , but in this situation one can say that these verbs are peculiar exceptions, so that, sadly It was necessary to remember.

We complicate the task

In general, to consider only the standard - ti, ti, chi, sti - as suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb, speaking of the spelling of this part of speech is not very correct. There are also suffixes - ova, eva - and - willow, syva -, whose choice is also associated with certain difficulties. They occur in such words as, for example, confess, talk, pledge, and so on.

The spelling of suffixes of verbs in this case requires the statement of this very verb in the first person of the singular (this is what corresponds to the pronoun i ). If the required form ends with the first, then the suffixes ova / eva should be chosen (the last one to be preceeded, the one to fight ), if I start , I will, then the suffixes will go, the willow, the sow , Bury, come, step on ).

And now we're making it a little more complicated

Continue the topic of spelling suffixes can be another interesting rule. Those verbs that end in percussion-preserve the same vowel before the suffix in the infinitive without this ending, which stands before this suffix in the conjugated form of the verb (to be-go ).

In addition, there are interesting, not entirely obeying the general rule of the word. In the indefinite form of the verb, a compound suffix is written in them - enet -: to bite, to be stupefied, and so on.

A little nightmare

Another topic "favorite" by almost all schoolchildren is the spelling of the suffix before, which is the choice of the verb conjugation. Of course, sometimes it's obvious, but sometimes, in words like gluing , things are not as simple as we would like.

In this case, you have to go deep into the conjugations. As is known, verbs have the first and second conjugations. Both of them influence the choice of the ending in the personal forms of the verb. The problem is that sometimes the ending in a personal form is obvious, but what to write before an infinitive suffix is not always clear. In this case, we take the controversial verb and begin to conjugate it. If the endings in the conjugated forms correspond to the endings of the first conjugation ( -y, -em, -et, -em, -et, -yy / -out ), then write the suffixes by which the first conjugation is determined - If the second ( -y, -yu, -im, -it, -im, -it, -yat / -at ), then, respectively, -it. For example, the same glue - glue, glue, glue - in this way, correspond to the endings of the second conjugation, it is necessary to write the suffix of this very second conjugation.

Finishing line: soft sign in infinitive

And now let's pass to the last of the especially important aspects concerning the infinitive. Certain difficulties are caused by a soft sign in an indefinite form of the verb - the hero of a huge number of Internet memes in the style of "the pain of any literate person." In general, it is very difficult to say why such a simple topic seems so heavy, but oh well, and we'll figure it out.

Whether it is worth writing a soft sign in an infinitive or not, it is very easy to determine. We take the verb, best in the third person of the singular (this is what corresponds to the pronouns he, she, it ), and ask a question to him. If the question does what? , Then the soft sign will not be in this form or in the infinitive ( he teaches - what does he do? ), If the question is what to do? , Then, respectively, a soft sign will appear in both forms ( he wants to learn - what to do? - learn ). Of course, everything here depends on the context. As can be seen from the example, the same verb can be written both with a soft sign, and without it. Will we try again?

I can not sleep.

They laugh at a serious conversation - it's silly.

Why do not we skip?

He is lazy to go out once more.

He refuses, refuses in this situation - the only way out.

Conclusion

A verb is a part of speech that is multifaceted and complex, working with it includes a huge number of nuances, trifles, which should always be taken into account. The suffixes of verbs are definitely one of the most difficult topics in spelling, but still, if you remember the basic rules, everything will become much easier.

Let's repeat once again all that was said above. First, infinitives have no endings, it's a suffix, and that's it. The choice depends on the emphasis (under stress - ty -, without it - and -) and on the consonant, on which the verb stem ends (if na - d, t, b -, then, most likely, the infinitive will be endowed with suffixes , Th -). Next, about writing the suffixes - uva / isa - and - ova / eva -. If the verb in the first person of the singular finishes on - wu / wu - then write - ova / eva -, if in this form there is a - uwa / isa - then the suffix retains the corresponding one. The real war unfolded around the definition of the consonant, preceding the infinitive suffix. Here we define the conjugation by conjugating the verb, and starting from it for the first conjugation with the endings - eat, em, em, et, ut / ut - write - et / et / , if the endings of the personal form of the verb are , Im, ite, am / jam - - choose the interchange / ut -. And the last: when the verb answers the question what to do ?, we write a soft sign in the infinitive, when to the question what does it do? , Do without it.