What does the vocabulary and phraseology study? Definition of vocabulary and phraseology. Examples

In Russian, a number of sections are distinguished, such as phonetics, graphics and orthography, vocabulary and phraseology, morphology, syntax. Each of them studies a certain level of language, its features and functioning.

The most interesting section of linguistics

Lexicology and phraseology are rightfully considered one of the most interesting sections of linguistics. He attracts scientists, students, and even schoolchildren.

So what does the vocabulary and phraseology study? This section of linguistics reveals the vocabulary of the language, the functioning and history of the occurrence of certain lexemes, as well as phraseological units, their significance, types and peculiarities of use in speech. Next, we will look at each of the subsections.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the vocabulary of the language. His study deals with such a science as lexicology. It examines the origin of words, their use and functioning, as well as historical changes in the vocabulary of a particular language. Let's consider a little more in detail about what is studying vocabulary and phraseology.

In the section "lexicology" is studied:

• The meaning of the word is direct and portable.
• The origin of words - originally Russian, borrowed.
• Groups of words on functioning in speech: historicisms, archaisms, neologisms.
• Words on the field of use: general, professionalism, dialectology, jargon.
• And also antonyms, homonyms, synonyms and paronyms, their use in speech.

Phraseology

Phraseology is a section of linguistics that studies stable and indivisible word combinations that have their own special meaning.

Structurally, phraseological units can consist of one sentence (for example, the well-known expression "when the cancer on the mountain falls"), and act in the form of a word combination (for example, "sit in a galosh").

Phraseological units, like words, can be multi-valued, enter into synonymous or antonymic relationships. People who are interested in the question of what is studying vocabulary and phraseology, it must be remembered that linguists pay attention to the history of the emergence of certain stable word combinations, and also consider ways of their penetration into the Russian language.

Lexicography

Another important issue to consider is lexicography. This section of linguistics collects lexical material and its subsequent fixation in dictionaries.

For those who are interested in the question of what is learned in vocabulary and phraseology in Russian, what is the history of words and phraseology, what they mean, it will be useful to work with the following dictionaries:

• Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language, compiled by V. Dal.
• Dictionary of Russian Ozhegova.
• Etymology and history of the words of the Russian language.
• Dictionary of youth slang.
• Dictionary of Russian phraseology Birikh.

They can find many interesting things about the composition of the Russian language, the origin of words and idioms.

Study at school

Much attention is paid to this discipline in the school course of the Russian language and literature. At the end of the fifth grade, less often - at the beginning of the sixth grade, schoolchildren are told that they are studying vocabulary and phraseology, with examples, asking them to work with dictionaries, perform simple tasks. As a rule, teachers instruct me to establish a correspondence between a word and its meaning, to choose synonyms or antonyms, to find out the meaning of homonyms and paronyms, to find the meaning of a phraseology among the proposed variants, to establish the history of its origin.

All this greatly expands the vocabulary of children, teaches them to work with the vocabulary of their native language.

At a later age, a class in the tenth, the children again return to the question that they study vocabulary and phraseology, recall the material they have traversed and fix it with various tasks. Successful assimilation of this section in the future helps to pass the USE. Especially useful will be the knowledge gained when writing essays or essays.

Study in universities

As for studying in higher education, the vocabulary and phraseology of the Russian language are considered only in the philological faculties. Often this topic is given to a whole semester, during which students thoroughly study the language system at this level, the history of the origin of words and phraseological units, methods and techniques for working with them, classifications. Also, during the training they get used to working with dictionaries and reference literature, compose thesauri, translate and edit texts containing various kinds of vocabulary.

The question of the stylistic use of words belonging to one or another lexical group is also being studied. The obtained knowledge is fixed in the course under the name "stylistics".

conclusions

So, what is being learned in vocabulary and phraseology. First of all, the lexical composition of the language, the functioning and origin of words and idioms in it, the use of different styles in texts, as well as the peculiarities of the translation of phraseological units and special vocabulary.