What is a particle: value and digits

As you know, all parts of speech in Russian are divided into two groups: independent and official.

Significant words, in addition to morphological features, have a lexical meaning. That is, a specific interpretation, which can be learned from the dictionary.

The service parts of speech have only a grammatical meaning. Their functions in the language, as is clear from the very name of this group, are reduced only to the maintenance of independent words.

Prepositions, for example, express the dependence of some significant units on others in a sentence or phrase. Unions have two functions in syntactic construction. They either connect the two sentences in a compound compound, or join together homogeneous terms.

The third service part of speech, like alliances, also has two functions. But before they are considered, it is necessary to determine what a particle is and what it is.

To begin with, this part of speech is immutable, but, unlike the significant words, consists exclusively of the root morpheme. In addition, all particles are not members of the sentence, they are emphasized along with the word to which they refer.

Depending on the discharge, particles can contribute to the formation of verb forms or express semantic nuances.

In this part of speech, three groups of words are distinguished.

The first discharge of particles is form-building. As the name implies, they perform an auxiliary function. With their help forms of conditional and imperative moods are formed :

• I would learn the rule if I was not lazy.
• Long live the King!
• Let 's take our hands.
• Let's leave early.
• Let him return home!
• Let there always be summer.

Answering the question about what a particle is, students usually recall the second category of this part of the speech. Negative "NOT" and "NO", which are studied for the subject of merging and separate writing with different categories of words, students remember easily.

The "NOT" particle makes negative sense to the whole statement or separate concepts in the sentence:

• Do not cross the road to a red traffic light.
• The house by the lake is not big, but small.

When double negation with "NOT" in the sentence, on the contrary, a positive value appears:

• After listening to lying accusations, he could not help but reply.

The particle "NI" paired with "NOT" only strengthens the negation, but after the question words to the predicate it sometimes acquires a generalized meaning.

• He could neither read nor write.
• Wherever you throw your gaze, there is a full flowering.

Modal particles either bring in semantic nuances, or express the attitude of a person to what has been said.

The group of such words is not homogeneous. There are several subtypes of modal particles:

• Interrogative (really, is it, is it)?
• Indicatory (here, there, here, and there);
• Excretory and restrictive (only, exclusively, only, almost).
• Specifying (just, precisely);
• Exclamatory (like that for);
• Amplifying (even, in fact, already, all the same, and so forth);
• The expression of doubt (hardly, hardly);
• Mitigating requirement (s).

The particle "-k" is written through a hyphen with the word with which it is used:

• Shut up, my friend.

To the answer to the question of what a particle is, one should add information about the features of distinguishing this part of speech from homonymous words. For example, the union "how" and the exclamation particle similar to it differ in functions in the sentence:

How (summer) are fine summer nights!

I saw how the waves beat against the rocks.

Let us summarize what a particle is. This part of speech has only a grammatical meaning, it is necessary for the formation of verbal forms and the transmission of semantic nuances in the speech stream. Each of the three categories of particles fulfills its unique role in the language.