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Warming of the ceiling in a house with a cold roof: materials, technology

To create comfortable conditions in housing is sometimes quite difficult. Especially if it concerns private houses with a cold roof. In such situations, it is not enough just to set up a heating system. It is also necessary to keep the heat received. As we know from school days, warm air rises. Accordingly, a poorly insulated ceiling will lead to serious heat losses. To avoid this, our ancestors also insulated the ceiling in a private house. Various materials and methods were used for this. The modern market of building materials offers other materials with improved characteristics.

Why insulate the ceiling?

For private houses, it is very important to take into account such a concept as heat loss. Unlike apartment buildings, there is no private apartment in the neighboring apartment to keep heat. All parts of the house are affected by cold air masses. Heat will go to the heating of the ceiling itself, and not air in the room. And no matter how much resources are spent on heating, only the bill for payment will increase, not the temperature in the room.

Insulation of the ceiling in a house with a cold roof is just as important as the insulation of the floor and walls. Warm air from heating appliances (batteries, furnaces, convectors, etc.) rises upward according to the laws of physics. There it combines with cold air, cools and falls down. The insulated ceiling will have a low temperature. Accordingly, warm air will remain at the top to heat the ceiling to room temperature. The speed of the flows will decrease. And the time required to heat the entire room will increase.

The insulated ceiling is separated from the cold attic and, accordingly, does not need to be heated. Therefore, warm air will quickly fall down, where it is heated again. This will result in saving resources and reducing heating costs.

What warmed the ceiling before

For many centuries people have been concerned about keeping the heat in the house. Before the appearance of modern building materials, the insulation of the ceiling in a house with a cold roof was made with improvised materials. It could be hay (straw), sawdust, husks from seeds, scales of onions. To improve the effect, all this was covered with clay on top. This method had a big minus - rodents chose such layer of insulation as their habitat in the cold seasons.

A little later began to use as a heater waste from production. It could be, for example, sawdust or slag.

Warming outside or inside?

All methods of ceiling insulation depend on where the insulating layer will be laid: outside or inside the room. Each of the ways has advantages and disadvantages.

Insulation of the ceiling from the outside implies the laying of the insulation from the attic side. This method protects the ceiling from freezing, as it is located on the side of cold air. The height of the room inside does not change. Another advantage - the work easier. Laying down the material is easier than lifting and clinging it to the ceiling. The disadvantage of this method is the need to protect the roof. If this is not done, the condensate from the temperature drops will settle on the insulating layer.

Insulation of the ceiling inside the building allows to protect building materials against atmospheric influences. After all, indoors and dry, and the temperature drops less, and ventilation is present.

Materials for the insulation of the ceiling

The modern construction market offers a wide range of materials that are used for insulation. Different manufacturers offer their products with different characteristics, quality and price.

The following types of heat insulators are the most popular and often used:

  • Glass wool.
  • Basalt (mineral) cotton wool.
  • Expanded clay.
  • Styrofoam.
  • Sawdust with clay.
  • Styrenes.
  • Ecowool.
  • Styrofoam.
  • Bung.

Each species has its advantages and disadvantages. And the ways of using them are also different. Therefore, each of the species will be considered in more detail.

Warming with sawdust and clay

This is an old method of warming. But due to a number of advantages it has been popular so far. To do this, mix the sawdust with clay, crushed into small pieces (or wiped into powder). The ready mix is covered in the cells collected from the wooden bars. To prevent the mixture from accumulating moisture, it must first be dried or even calcined in the sun. Sometimes lime, carbide is added to the mixture. For the same purpose, a vapor barrier is used.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling with clay and sawdust has several more disadvantages. Sawdust refers to combustible materials. Fungi, mold, insects and rodents can appear in the mixture. To protect the layer of insulation over the top, slag is poured out. The chimney is securely protected with non-combustible materials. Warming with sawdust is considered an inexpensive way.

Basalt wool

Warming the ceiling with mineral wool has one important advantage - it does not burn (and does not even smolder). This is especially important for private homes.

With this kind of material it's easy to work. He is not pricking. Available in the form of mats or rolls. This facilitates the installation process. The thickness is large. Most often just one layer of insulation.

But there is a serious flaw. Basalt cotton wool is caking and hygroscopic. If moisture gets on the material, large spaces are exposed. Therefore, when choosing this thermal insulator, it is necessary to carefully isolate it from moisture.

Expanded clay ceilite

This is a mineral material that has been used for a long time. By itself, it is easy. But it is not recommended to pour too large a layer due to weight gain. Therefore, most often this material is used in cases where heat losses are not too large. It should be taken into account that in regions with a cold climate a layer of expanded clay can reach 50 cm. This leads to an increase in the load on the wooden ceilings of the ceiling. Therefore, more often this insulation is used for thermal insulation of the floor.

To use expanded clay it is necessary to assemble a crate. A heater is poured into its cells. The flooring is laid on top. At the same time, it is necessary to use a vapor barrier membrane.

The process of use is similar to other materials. The crate is assembled, closed with a vapor barrier. In the cells are covered with expanded clay. In order not to have cavities, different fractions (both large and small) are used. On top of the cement-sand screed. As a flooring, other materials can be used.

Use of styrene

Scientists have proved that the best insulation is air. Therefore, modern manufacturers of building materials offer their products, which are, in fact, a shell, inside of which air is enclosed. This is styrene. These materials include penoplex, polyurethane, penofol and some other means. Their weight is insignificant, and productivity is high. Warming of the ceiling with a foam with a thickness of five centimeters, for example, can be compared to a brick masonry that is thirty centimeters thick.

But these materials also have disadvantages. Styrenes, though they do not burn, but smolder with the release of harmful and dangerous substances.

Sprayable materials

Warming of the ceiling in a house with a cold roof can be made by spraying the material. This method of thermal insulation does not leave empty niches, the tool fills the whole space. And this method is perfect for hard-to-reach places. But cylinders with used compounds are not very large. It is possible to conduct work independently, but this will take a lot of time. Therefore it is better to address in this case to experts. Materials used in spraying, not combustible, have good adhesion to other surfaces and materials.

For these purposes use:

  • Ecowool. This is a completely ecological material, consisting of cellulose.
  • Styrofoam is an analog of styrene.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation is that the materials do not skip steam. This forces you to organize good ventilation. Otherwise, the condensate will settle on the surface, which in turn leads to dampness and mold formation.

Cork insulation

Wood cork tree as a material for the insulation of the ceiling is ecologically and beautifully designed. This is a warm material. But it burns, is exposed to the appearance of mold and insects.

Cork wood passes air well. Therefore, when it is used as a heater, there is no need for additional vapor barrier.

If the ceiling is concrete

In those cases where the ceiling in a private house is made of concrete slabs or other non-combustible materials, simple foam can be used. The thickness of the layer is selected in accordance with simple calculations. The protective layer must have a greater vapor permeability than the base itself. If this condition is difficult to fulfill, a vapor barrier layer is used. The membrane is laid between the ceiling and the heater.

Polyfoam is one of the simplest and cheapest options in cases where insulation will be carried out inside. In this case, the sheets of material are attached to a special glue directly to the ceiling. If the work is done carefully, additional finishing may not be required.

Calculations and the use of vapor barrier is not necessary in the case of the use of mineral wool. This material is good for steam. Plates of mineral wool are rather tough. Therefore, they simply lay on the ground. From above they are covered with plywood, OSB-slabs, cement-chipboards and other materials. If the mineral wool is soft, a crate is made for it. In the cell, a heater is laid, and a floor is built on top.

If the ceiling is wooden

It is very important to approach the choice of insulation in those cases where the ceiling is made of wood.

In such cases it is impossible to use foam. In the event of a fire, it releases a large number of toxic substances. If nevertheless there is a need to use polystyrene inside the room, it must be protected with non-combustible materials.

It is better to lay cotton wool between wooden lags. If the height of the lag is not enough, an additional lath is made on top of them. The flooring is laid on top. To cotton wool does not accumulate moisture, it is necessary to leave a gap for ventilation between it and the flooring (at least three centimeters).

Warming the ceiling of the house with your own hands

Regardless of the type of material chosen for the insulation of the ceiling, the principle of operation is practically the same. As already mentioned above, it is easier to insulate the ceiling in a private house from the outside. Therefore, the entire process will be considered using the insulation of the ceiling from the outside, using mineral wool as a heater.

To carry out the work you will need:

  • Directly the heater itself.
  • Steam and waterproofing.
  • Material for the construction of flooring.
  • Tool: screwdriver, saw (or electric jigsaw, stapler).

The warming of the ceiling in a house with a cold roof begins with a survey of the very surface of the ceiling. There should be no damage or damage. If any, they must be eliminated. The wooden ceiling is treated with protective means. The surface will close, and later it will not be possible to do it.

Next on the base are collected boxes. To do this, use wooden bars. It is advisable to make them so large that the insulation is placed without cutting.

After this, the resulting structure is covered with a continuous layer of vapor barrier. Individual parts of the membrane overlap. Joints are glued with scotch tape. The membrane itself is attached with a stapler.

In the cells lay mineral wool. It should not be too tightly packed. But the space between it and the beams should not remain.

A waterproofing membrane is spread over the heat-insulating layer. It also fits over, joints are glued.

Further on the beams the flooring is made. For this, various materials can be used: plywood, sheet pile, cement-chip boards and so on.

These simple actions will help to warm the ceiling of the private house with your own hands. This is easy and almost everyone can do. In addition, you can save money by doing the work yourself.

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