Vychegda is a river in the Komi Republic. Description, photo

Russia is the largest country in the world, and also one of the most water-bearing countries. The country has a huge supply of fresh water. A total of about 2.5 million rivers, streams and streams flow through the territory of the Russian Federation. This article will detail about one of them under the name Vychegda. The Komi Republic and partly the Arkhangelsk Region are the territories where it flows.

Why this name?

In the language of the Komi people, the name of the river sounds like Ezhva, which translates as "meadow water": "ezh" - meadow or grass, and "wa" - water.

The Russian name of the river Vychegda originated from the combination of the Old Ugric words "vycha" - greens, meadow, and "okhgt" - a river. When you adapt to the Russian language, the last letter "a" is added to the words.

Thus, Vychegda is a river flowing through meadows. Also sometimes the Komi call it the "yellow river", since the water in it is always cloudy.

Geography

Let's give the basic geographical information about this pond. As it was said above, Vychegda is a river that carries its waters across the plains in the taiga zone mainly along the territory of the Komi Republic (85% of the basin) and partly in the Arkhangelsk Region. Search for it on the map is needed in the north of the European part of Russia. It is the largest tributary of the Northern Dvina, its right sleeve.

The length of the channel is 1130 kilometers, the pool area is more than 120,000 square kilometers. Km. Almost all of its coasts are covered with taiga forests, which are so rich in the Republic of Komi. There are no rocks, no cliffs, no rapids on the river, it flows freely, broadly and leisurely along the plain with altitude differences from 120 to 150 meters. If the river valleys are sprawling, then the alluvial ones are compressed, narrow, without terraces.

Along the sandy bed often there are swamps, the slope of the river is very insignificant. The basin is made up of Permian deposits (clay, marl), from the Carboniferous limestone, over a large area is composed of Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks, which overlap the Quaternary sediments in places.

The course of the river is very tortuous, for example, below the city of Syktyvkar, the reservoir, passing the Semukovskaya Upland, curves with a steep arc to meet the river Vymi - its right tributary. Directly between the ends of the arc no more than 3 kilometers, and along the river to sail 30 kilometers. The winding relief of the Vychegda basin was formed as a result of many glaciations of the North Sea, especially its last offensive on land.

The source and the mouth

Vychegda is a river formed at the confluence of the Voj Vozh and Lun-Vozh springs that flow from the Djur-Nyur swamp on the southern edge of the Timan Ridge. Source coordinates: 62 ° 19 's. W. And 55 ° 32 'in. E.

And where does the river Vychegda flow? It carries its waters to the Northern Dvina, which flows into the town of Kotlas, which is 600 km away from Arkhangelsk. The coordinates of the mouth: 61 ° 17 's. W. And 46 ° 37 'in. E.

Hydrology

Eating in Vychegda mixed. A large share falls on the snow (40-45%) and underground (34-40%), partly rain (15%). Water content ranges from 162 cubic meters per second near the village of Ust-Nem, 601 cubic meters per second near Syktyvkar, the capital of the Komi Republic, to 1,160 cubic meters per second near the mouth.

The river is released from the ice in late April - early May. During the spring high water level, the Vychegda rises significantly - from 4 to 7 meters. Waters flood the floodplain for many kilometers in width. In 1974 there was a particularly high flood, when the river level rose almost 8 meters. But the big water on Vychegda falls quickly.

Upper Vychegda

The river is conventionally divided into Upper, Middle and Lower.

The upper Vychegda flows on 346 km from the source to the confluence of the left tributary of Nem. The pool of this site is a dissected hilly plateau up to 250 meters high. The width of the river valley in this place is 200 meters. The channel winds all along the way, it has many small rapids and shoals, the current is quite fast - 0.7-0.8 meters per second.

Near the sources the width of the river does not exceed 15 meters, but it gradually expands and Nem reaches already 100 meters. The average depth of the Upper Vychegda is 3 meters, and the largest - 10 meters. The food of this part of the river is underground and snow, the water flow at the village of Pomozdino is 50 cubic meters per second.

Average Vychegda

It starts from the village of Ust-Nem and, running 488 km, ends at the point where the left tributary of Sysola flows into it (here the capital of Komi is Syktyvkar). First the river runs along the Kerch valley, which lies between the elevations of Zhezhimpark and Nemskaya, the middle part of the basin occupies a wide plain between the Northern Uvala Upland and the Timan Ridge. Below the channel flows through a wide swampy lowland.

To the right of the river is a lot of lakes (Sindorskoye, Donty). In the region of the tributaries of Nem, Vym and North Keltma is characterized by karst. The valley of the Middle Vychegda stretches for 10 kilometers, the flood plain is broad, more often bilateral, overgrown with meadows, sometimes swamped. The bed is 100 to 700 meters wide and has a sandy-argillaceous bottom; on its way there are islands, the banks are strewn with pebbles.

Depths on the Vychegda River on this site are very changeable - from 0.5 meters on the ruts to 6 meters on the reaches. The current velocity averages 0.5 meters per second, but in high water reaches 2 meters per second. The food prevails in the snow (60%), the rest falls to the share of rain and underground. The water consumption in Ust-Nem is 160 cubic meters per second, Syktyvkar has 600 cubic meters per second. At spring high water level in the water rises to 5-6 meters.

Lower Vychegda

It originates from its right tributary - the Vym River, running up to the mouth of 296 km. In the lower reaches the river becomes much larger and wider, but otherwise its landscape and hydrological conditions are very similar to the conditions of the Middle Vychegda.

Two-way floodplain still reaches 6-8 kilometers, but the valley expands to 40 kilometers. The banks on this section of the river are mostly sandy, and clay islets with black strips of peat are rarely exposed. More often there is a pebble with stones. Especially a lot of them at the pier of Timasov Gora, along the ship's run on the Upper Soiginsky and Slobodchikovsky recesses, where a real stone ridge was formed.

The feeding of the river along the lower course is mainly snow, in the spring there is a strong flood.

Tributaries

For this water body, 1137 tributaries are collected. This is without taking into account more than 23 thousand small streams, the length of which does not exceed 10 kilometers.

The main tributaries of the Vychegda River (the largest): on the right are Vym, Vol, Vishera, Yarenga and Elva, left arms - Viledy, Sysola, Lokcim, North Celtm, Nem, Southern Mylva.

Part of the tributaries, for example Vym and North Celtm, are the spawning grounds for salmon, and therefore have a large fishery importance.

Shipping

Vychegda is a navigable river. Navigation on it opens in the first week of May, and closes in the 20-th of October. In the spring, vessels reach the Voldino dock (960 km), and in summer and autumn to the Ust-Koloma wharf (693 km).

The largest berths are Yarensk, Mezhog, Solvychegodsk, Aikino, Ust-Kul, Syktyvkar.

The difficulty of navigation in Vychegda lies in the fact that its course is very unstable, and the sands are too mobile. According to these indicators, this reservoir ranks first in Russia. Especially strongly vychegda washed sandy beaches near populated settlements of Oshlapye, Sharovitsy and Vyemkovo.

But the rivers in the northern part of Russia have always been the main routes of communication, therefore, despite the difficulties, Vychegda is the main waterway in the province: in summer the population moves on water, and in winter - on ice.

Also, this river from spring to autumn is used for rafting the forest.

Settlements

A lot of towns are built along the river, many villages are scattered. The main populated areas are: the capital of the Republic of Komi Syktyvkar, the suburban settlements of Ezhva, Krasnozatonsky, Sedkyrkesh, Rzheshart, the cities of Koryazhma, Solvychegodsk and Kotlas, the villages of Anufrievka and Anikeevka, and other settlements.

Interesting Facts

The pond devoted to the article is very rich in fish. Here are found the sterlet, pike perch, perch, pike, bream, nelma, chub, ide, burbot, roach, minnow, ruff and other species of fish. The river feeds the entire population of Komi.

The comfortable passenger train RZD No. 24 by the Moscow-Syktyvkar message was at one time called "Vychegda".

Now you know where the Vychegda River is located and what are its main characteristics.