Volga-Vyatka economic region: characteristics, composition, natural resources. EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region of Russia

The structure of the Volga-Vyatka economic region includes 5 administrative entities. The central one is the Nizhny Novgorod region. Various large industrial enterprises operate on its territory. In addition to the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Volga-Vyatka economic region includes the Republic of Mari El, Chuvash and Mordovia, as well as the Kirov region.

Volumes of industry

As was mentioned above, the Nizhny Novgorod region acts as a production center of the region. Here work machine-building, auto-building, diesel-building, shipbuilding and other industrial enterprises. At the same time, the region's share in the economic sector of the region is declining. This is due to the advancing rates of development of the republics' industry. So, in Chuvashia, electrical engineering and instrument making were intensively formed, in Mordovia - rubber technical, cement, lighting engineering, and in Mari El - radio electronics. The second place in the region in terms of industrial production is occupied by the Kirov region. The key branches of specialization are mechanical engineering, electronic, including machine-tool construction. The region is well-developed food, chemical, pulp and paper, woodworking, timber industry, factories for the manufacture of household appliances.

Mari El

In this republic, the central place in the economic complex is industry. The share of machine building is 1/4 of the total production volume. In this industry, science-intensive and complex directions have the greatest weight. They include, in particular, radio electronics, instrument making. The Republic of Mari El produces more than 60% of all Russian trade and refrigeration equipment. Forest, pulp and paper, woodworking industry together account for about 13% of the total industrial volume.

Mordovia

This republic is considered to be an industrial-agrarian one. Along with the industrial branches, agriculture was widely spread here. The key manufacturing industry is engineering. It accounts for more than half of the total industry. To the most developed branches of mechanical engineering it is necessary to carry light engineering, instrument making, semiconductor production. Large production volumes are provided by the food industry.

Chuvashia

Mechanical engineering in the republic occupies more than one-third of the total production. In Chuvashia looms, bulldozers, electric forklifts are produced. JSC Promtractor is considered to be the largest enterprise. It is the only plant in Russia and the whole Europe to produce powerful multi-profile tractors. The technology is used in the gas, coal and gold mining industries. Well developed in Chuvashia is chemical, food production, light industry.

Volga-Vyatka economic region: characteristics

According to the development plan for the coming years, active investment in industrial hubs of the region is expected. One of them, in particular, successfully works in Mordovia. Saransk-Ruzaevsky knot was formed in the republic on the basis of instrument-making, lighting and other enterprises. In Chuvashia, the formation of the complex was due to the construction of Cheboksary hydroelectric power station, chemical plant and tractor plant. In Mari El, the Volga node was developed on the basis of various types of machine building and woodworking.

Foreign investments

Despite the significant development of the industry of the republics that are part of the Volga-Vyatka economic region, the characterization of the social sphere leaves much to be desired. There is a significant separation of the economic development of major centers from the quality of life of national entities, the Kirov and Nizhny Novgorod regions. The formation of market structures is not taking place actively. However, there is a positive impact of foreign investment and expansion of the scope of exports and imports. Cooperation of Chuvashia with Germany, for example, contributed to the construction of a new plant for the production of seat belts for cars. This enterprise is located in Alatyr. Production is considered today the only one not only in the Russian Federation, but also in all CIS countries. This plant allowed to eliminate the dependence of domestic automakers from foreign suppliers. Foreign investments contributed to the development of the Cheboksary plant for the production of building materials (JSC "SANTEK"). Cooperation with foreign enterprises stimulated the expansion of the economic sphere not only in a single republic, but throughout the region.

EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region

According to the plan of the western part of the region it is possible to establish its similarity with the center of the Russian Federation. The climate of the southern part is similar to the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region. The total area is 263 thousand square meters. Km. The Volga-Vyatka economic region is located in the center of the European part of the country. The region is located in the basins of large rivers. They are the Volga and Vyatka. Hence, in fact, the name of the region. EGP Volgo-Vyatka economic region at the intersection of the railway tracks, which connect the North-West and Center, the Urals and the Volga region, provides favorable conditions for the active development of the economic sector.

Natural resources of the Volga-Vyatka economic region

The climate of the region is moderately continental. A forest is spread throughout the territory. Own natural resources of the Volga-Vyatka economic region do not differ in large volumes. In the Kirov region, for example, there are building materials, peat, phosphorites. The territory is covered with forests, which contributes to the active development of the woodworking industry. The water resources of the Volga-Vyatka economic region are of great importance for the development of production and agriculture.

Residents

The Volga-Vyatka economic region has about 5.7% of people. The total number for 2001 was 8.2 million. The demographic situation in 2000 was characterized by a natural decrease (about 8 people / 1000). Especially high was the loss in the Nizhny Novgorod region. In addition, there was a positive migration. In Nizhny Novgorod in the period from 2007 to 2009. Due to a decrease in mortality and an increase in the birth rate, the natural decline in the population decreased by 30%. The density is 32 people per square meter. Km. Inside the region, uneven settlement is observed. Most people live in Chuvashia and Nizhny Novgorod region. In the Kirov region. Population density is minimal. About 70% of citizens live in cities. Kirov and Nizhny Novgorod regions are characterized by the highest level of urbanization (about 71%). In the rest of the territory, its indicator reaches 60%.

Peculiarities of employment

Considering the geographical location of the Volga-Vyatka economic region, it is necessary to note the specifics of resettlement depending on the development of this or that economic sphere. Thus, the rural population mainly lives in Mari El, Chuvashia, and Mordovia. It forms the reserve of the urbanization process in the region, ensuring the redistribution of employment in industry and other sectors of material and intangible production concentrated in the cities.

Industries of specialization

The key branches of the economy are formed at the expense of the profitable EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region. The main branches of specialization include engineering, forestry and chemical industry. Automobile and shipbuilding are of key importance. A large contribution to the development of the economy of the region is made by nonmetallic engineering (electrical engineering) and machine-tool construction. In addition to the convenient position occupied by the Volga-Vyatka economic region, the characteristic of the region's development consists of the historically formed industrial base of Nizhny Novgorod. In particular, the Sormovo plant was considered one of the largest in the country even before the revolution. Undoubtedly, this is the result of the influence of considerable labor reserves, large reserves of water and forest. Together with this EGP Volgo-Vyatka economic region does not allow to form a sufficient raw material and energy base. The production volume and range of products are much inferior to those of the Central Region. The Volga-Vyatka economic region, briefly speaking, focuses on imported fuel and raw materials from the Volga region, Western Siberia and the Urals.

Mechanical engineering

It is represented by shipbuilding and automotive enterprises, factories for the production of radio engineering products, instruments, instruments, equipment for the woodworking and chemical industries. In engineering, half of the able-bodied population of the region is employed. The car factory in Nizhny Novgorod interacts with related enterprises and has branches in Pavlovo and Saransk. Machine-building plants have been set up in Cheboksary and Kirov. They produce heavy tractors, tractors, ATVs, bulldozers. Enterprises of Saransk produce electric, quartz, arc, mercury lamps. Nizhny Novgorod plant "Krasnoe Sormovo" previously produced river icebreakers, vessels with underwater wings. Since the Volga-Vyatka economic region of Russia is not rich with its own raw materials, engineering is serviced to a greater extent by the supply of materials from the Urals.

Chemical industry

EGP Volgo-Vyatka economic region of Russia allows you to actively develop in the region this industrial area. Chemical production is considered one of the key branches of the economy. The main production center is Dzerzhinsk. Here are produced nitrogen fertilizers, plastics, synthetic resins, sulfuric acid and other products. A large oil refinery is located in Kstovo. A pipeline from Almetyevsk was brought to the city.

Woodworking industry

A successful EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region is formed due to the presence of huge tracts of forest. Enterprises engaged in wood processing produce sawnwood, furniture, matches. Work on the Volga pulp and paper mills. The largest of them is an enterprise in Balakhna. The pulp and paper mill also operates in Volzhsk and Pravdinsk.

Agribusiness

The agro-industrial complex is represented by agriculture and animal husbandry. C \ x production is considered diversified, but it is only able to partially meet the needs of the region. A key role belongs to livestock. For breeding livestock, natural pastures and meadows are used along river valleys. Here grow cattle, pigs, sheep. Agriculture is also well developed in the region. In the Volga-Vyatka region grow potatoes, cereals and industrial crops.

TEK

The fuel and energy complex uses its own resources - water and peat. In the region there are two hydropower stations - Cheboksarskaya and Nizhegorodskaya. However, gas and oil are of key importance for the region. They enter the territory from Western Siberia and the Volga region. Of no small importance are the coal resources. They are supplied by the Kuznetsk and Pechora basins. Most of the electricity is generated at the CHP plant. The largest stations are located in Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Balakhna.

Transport

It can not be said that there is a dense network in the region. However, through the territory of the district are the most important automobile and railway highways. They connect the eastern and western parts of the country. The major transport artery of the region is the river. The Volga. Passenger and cargo navigation is developed here.