Vaccine "Prevenar": reviews. "Prevenar": instruction, description

Vaccination is one of the ways to stimulate the human immune system. Vaccinations are mandatory, which almost all children do with a small exception, and there are those that are prescribed only for certain indications. Before you do an unscheduled vaccination for a child, information about it should be carefully studied, consulted with a doctor and read the reviews. "Prevenar" is just the vaccine, with indications and contraindications to which you need to be attentive.

Form of issue and composition

The Prevenar vaccine is not produced in Russia, but is imported from abroad (USA, Europe). Delivered in 0.5 ml ready-to-inject syringes. Includes pneumococcal compounds (polysaccharide + CRM197), including polysaccharide serotypes: 4 (2μg), 6B (4 μg), 9V (2μg), 14 (2 μg), 18C (2 μg), 19F (2 μg) , 23F (2 μg) and the diphtheria carrier protein CRM197 (20 μg).

Auxiliary components in the composition of the suspension are aluminum phosphate, sodium chloride, distilled purified water.

The drug "Prevenar", the reviews of which are very different, fully meets all the necessary WHO standards for the production and control of conjugated pneumococcal vaccines. It is intended for the prevention of diseases, the causative agent of which are pneumococcal infections.

The cost of the vaccine varies between 3500-4000 rubles.

Pharmacology

Suspension "Prevenar" contains seven, thirteen or twenty-three pneumococcal strains. Their amount depends on the type of vaccine. Serotypes are pneumococcal polysaccharides extracted from different groups of Gram-positive Streptococcus bacteria, each of which is combined with the diphtheria carrier protein CRM197 and adsorbed on aluminum phosphate.

Vaccination with Prevenar, which is quite controversial, launches the production of antibodies against polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F. This process stimulates the body's immune system. Antibodies that can resist pneumococcal infections are produced.

Effect of the drug on immunity

Infants of infant age, starting from two months of life, are vaccinated according to a certain scheme. This order of injection is needed to create a permanent immune response of the body, which manifests itself after the first, second and subsequent vaccination. It has been scientifically proven that the number of antibodies increases significantly after the first vaccination. In total, three doses of the Prevenar 13 vaccine are administered, after a certain time period, which is said to be able to significantly strengthen the immunity of the child and create antibodies to all strains after the first procedure.

The formation of antibodies to serotypes of the vaccine is observed after one intramuscular injection in children of the age group from two to five years. Here, the immune response of the body was the same as in children under two years old.

Before the launch of the vaccine "Prevenar 13", reviews of which make us think about the advisability of its introduction, a massive clinical trial was conducted in the field of stimulating the immune system of the body. During the research, about 18,000 children aged 2-15 months were involved. The results proved the effectiveness of this suspension in the fight against diseases of the pneumococcal group by 97%. At the same time, the percentage ratio for American children was 85%, for European children it ranged from 65 to 80%.

The effectiveness of preventing bacterial pneumonia caused by the serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae reached 87.5%, which was confirmed by numerous reviews.

Prevenar showed its result (54%) and in patients aged 2-15 months. Here it was considered for otitis media of medium and severe severity, triggered by serotypes of pneumococci.

In vaccinated children, the immune response to strains not in the composition was 33% higher. But, despite this, the number of diseases caused by serotypes injected decreased by 34%. Thus, the number of patients with otitis decreased by 6-18%, with recurrent acute cases by 9-23%. And the need for tympanostomy in vaccinated children decreased by 24-39%.

Indications and contraindications for vaccination

The Prevenar 13 vaccine, recommended to study all information urgently, is shown to be used as a prophylactic drug for the prevention of diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F (this includes sepsis, pneumonia, Bacteremia, meningitis and otitis of various degrees) in children of the age group from two months to five years.

Contraindications to vaccination are various diseases. These are infectious and non-infectious diseases: influenza, acute respiratory infections, colds, tonsillitis and the like. Do not get vaccinated during an exacerbation of chronic ailments. Do not enter "Prevenar" for children who are hypersensitive to the drug and its excipients, as well as to diphtheria toxoid.

In these and other cases, vaccination is performed only after the child's complete recovery or at the stage of remission of the disease.

Prevenar vaccine: instructions for use

The vaccine is intended only for intramuscular injection in the anterolateral hip part of children under two years of age, or alternatively in the deltoid muscle of the shoulder to children over two years of age.

Never and under no circumstances is the drug administered intravenously!

Vaccination should be carried out according to a certain scheme. So, infants at the age of 2-6 months injected three vaccines of 0.5 ml. The interval between them should be at least a month. The first vaccine is administered according to the plan in two months, and the fourth (revaccination) is in the second year of the child's life, optimally in 12-15 months.

If the child is not vaccinated in the first six months of life, the vaccine "Prevenar", reviews about which are different, is introduced into the body according to the following schemes.
In childhood 7-11 months, two doses of a drug of 0.5 ml each are administered. The interval between injections should not be less than a month;

At the age of 12 to 23 months, the child is inoculated in two doses, the volume of one dose is 0.5 ml. The interval between vaccinations should be at least 60 days. Children of the age group 2 - 5 years of the drug injected once in an amount of 0.5 ml.

Additional vaccination, except for the proposed schemes, is not provided.

The vaccine "Prevenar", doctors' reviews about which are mostly positive, is a homogeneous suspension of white color. It is quite possible the appearance of a turbid sediment of white color. Immediately before use, the vaccine is shaken until a fluid of uniform color is obtained. Before vaccination, you should carefully inspect the contents of the syringe for foreign particles. If they are or the suspension has a different color, except white, then the drug is prohibited.

Adverse events

Prevenar 13 was tested on absolutely healthy children between the ages of six weeks and eighteen months. The vaccine was administered on the same day as other childhood vaccinations recommended by the Ministry of Health. Side effects were observed: soreness and compaction of the vaccination site, fever.

During the revaccination, there was rapid discomfort at the site of inoculation in 36.5% of cases, up to the temporary limb numbness - 18.5%. In children aged two years, a greater intensity of local reactions was recorded than in patients under 1.5 years old, but they were very short. In infants (up to 28 weeks) with the unhealed organs of the pulmonary system in history, there is a risk of apnea.

In children who received Prevenar 13 at the same time as DTP vaccinations, the percentage of post- vaccination reactions and complications was higher. Thus, body temperature exceeding 38 ° C was observed in 41.2%, above 3.3%, compared to 1.2%, is a children's group who received only one DTP vaccine.

Similar phenomena were observed when the "Prevenar" suspension was combined with hexavalent vaccinations, often used in pediatric practice, usually with vaccines against:

• Whooping cough;
• Tetanus;
• Hemophilus infection type B;
• Hepatitis B;
• Diphtheria;
• Poliomyelitis.

During clinical trials, the following side effects were identified. This is, first of all, redness with a diameter of more than 2.4 cm, swelling, soreness, compaction in the area of injection. This reaction of the organism in some cases led to a temporary limitation of the operation of the lower extremities. In rare cases, the injection site was itchy, dermatitis or hives occurred.

Often there was an increased body temperature up to 38 ° C and above, as well as irritability, drowsiness, lethargy, poor and intermittent sleep, excessive tearfulness. There have been cases of hyperthermia above 39 ° C. Sometimes there were arterial hypotension, hypergia, allergic reactions of the body, including anaphylactic shock, edema of various complexity, lung spasm, shortness of breath, and convulsions.

From the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, absence or loss of appetite were observed . The appearance of multiform erythema or lymphadenopathy is not excluded.

Special instructions to use the drug

Do only children up to five years of vaccination with the drug Prevenar. The instruction says that the vaccine is administered to adults. Also, her influence on fetal development during pregnancy was not revealed. The effect of the drug on the baby through breast milk has not been sufficiently studied.

This vaccine is recommended to be administered only to a healthy child, should not be used during acute respiratory and other diseases. Especially if there is an increase in body temperature. In this case, you should wait for the full recovery of the child.

In order to be able to provide the necessary help with the likelihood of anaphylactic shock, the doctor should observe the reaction of the patient within 30 minutes after the administration of the drug.

To avoid the risk of apnea, you should observe the patient for about 48-72 hours, especially with primary vaccination in children under the age of 28 weeks.

The vaccine "Prevenar" (reviews of doctors say it has a good effect on the immunity of the baby) should be introduced strictly according to the scheme, so do not postpone the procedure.

The drug provides protection only from strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which are part of the suspension, but not from others, including invasive diseases.

As a result of vaccination, the incidence of pneumonia decreased by 32.2% in comparison with unvaccinated children in the first year, and by 23.4% during the first two years.

Antipyretic drugs are advised to take children vaccinated with a vaccine in combination with pertussis injections to exclude the development of febrile reactions. They are also prescribed for children who are confronted with convulsive reactions.

The pre-diluent is manufactured in a syringe ready for the procedure. Its contents can not be poured into another utensil or combined independently with other medicines.

Overdose and interaction with other drugs

Previous cases of vaccine overdose, failure to comply with the vaccination schedule and the timing of immunization were known. These factors can lead to undesirable consequences. In order to avoid them, it is advised to instill according to the instructions. This is what the responses say.

Prevenar is administered on the same day as other necessary vaccines, the exception being the BCG vaccine. The drug can be combined with a preventive vaccine against Hib infection and with the vaccine "Infanriks." In this vaccination should be done in different parts of the body.

The drug is released strictly according to the prescription of the doctor. Keep it in a dry, cool and inaccessible place for children, at a temperature of 2 ° to 8 ° C. It is not frozen. Shelf life of the vaccine is three years.

Which is better: Prevenar or Pnevmo 23

Most often pediatricians are assigned a vaccine "Prevenar 13", "Prevenar" or "Pnevmo 23". Reviews are mixed. The first vaccine contains thirteen serotypes, the second - seven, and the third - twenty-three. Experts argue that if they started to make an immunization with a single vaccine, for example, "Prevenar", then you need to finish the course with it. Although a 7-valent vaccine can be substituted for Prevenar 13

You can vaccinate adults and adults over 50 years old or those already vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine. In these cases, the drug "Prevenar" is administered once.

Instruction, reviews and WHO recommend that this remedy be given to all children under the age of two. The vaccine helps to develop immunity to diseases caused by pneumococcus: bronchitis, otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis.

The causative agents of these diseases may be other infections, but it is the pneumococcal group that can cause irreparable damage to the health of the child, including provoking his death. If you choose between Prevenar 7 and Prevenar 13, you are often advised to choose the latter, since it contains more strains. It is prescribed for children from 6 months to 2 years. The vaccine has a long period of exposure.

"Prevenar 23", in contrast to "Prevenar", is appointed only according to the indications for the age group over two years old. These drugs are different in their effects. If a babies' baby is vaccinated with Prednavar, then two years later, you can get vaccinated with Prevenar 23. The latter drug is administered to weak and often ill children strictly according to the doctor's instructions. Indisputable advantage is a large number of strains - 23. The vaccine is more affordable.

"Pnevmo-23" does not create immunity for a long time, and consequently, every 3-5 years, it is necessary to carry out revaccination.

Immunization with vaccine: Feedback

"Prevenar" has caused many controversial disputes. Promises of doctors to improve the health of the child and the successful experience of many mothers, whose children after this vaccination have stopped hurting, makes many pay attention to it. But not everything is as smooth as it seems at first glance. After the inoculation, many children both ached and continued to ache. In some cases, the vaccine provoked high fever, bronchitis, runny nose and other diseases, which had a long recovery period. The effect was as if they did not do the immunization. The parents of vaccinated children complain of compaction and redness, which leaves behind a vaccine at the injection site. Many children after her introduction moved with difficulty.

There are many people with whom the vaccine helped to improve immunity and relieve a number of diseases. And some came to the conclusion that it should be done only by indications, that is, weak and often sick children, and also leading an active lifestyle.

The doctors' opinions about the introduction of the Prevenar vaccine to children were divided. Some are advised to get vaccinated. Indicates an increase in immunity. Others talk about strains 1 and 5, which are themselves capable of provoking pneumococcal disease. This vaccine is also banned in many countries.

From all of the above, it can be concluded that the vaccination "Prevenar" is by no means a panacea for all ills, but, properly done, it is able to significantly improve the immunity of the child.