This unique visual analyzer

The visual analyzer is the most complex and delicate system of perception of visual objects. All the beauty of the world around him, his riot of colors and colors can be felt by the organ of vision and the instant ability of the brain to collect streams of visual and light information and also to analyze them quickly. The visual analyzer of a person is that visual path through which all visual information enters the human brain . It allows you to connect the reticular shell of the eye with the brain structures, turning them into one permanently functioning mechanism.

The structure of the visual analyzer

The visual pathway, as noted above, begins with peripheral neurons that are located in different layers of the retina of the human eye. From these neuronal cells are very thin and brittle fibers, or axons, which, without interruption, reach the so-called external cranked body of the inner capsule. These axons go to the brain not separately, but by a single array, which is represented by the optic nerve of each eye. In the composition of each optic nerve, or n. Opticus, there are about one million nerve fibers. All of them fully correspond to the quantitative composition of the receptor fields of the reticular membrane. This fact indicates that the visual analyzer is able to perceive impulses from almost any corner of the retina where the photoreceptors are located.

The n.opticus itself can be topographically divided into four important anatomical departments:

- intra-gas, or intraocularis,

- intraorbital, or interorbitalis,

- intraosseous (intracavitary), or intercostalis,

- intracranial, or intercranialis.

This division is very important to know practicing doctors-ophthalmologists, tk. This will make it easier for them to establish the correct diagnosis and predict visual functions in affected patients in the future. The visual analyzer is specific in that only it has a complex intersection of nerve fibers, called "chiasma". The essence of this cross is that the fibers that pass in the optic nerve in the chiasm begin to divide in such a way that after it in the visual tract there are fibers, both from the right side of the eye and from the left.

However, this feature, which has a visual analyzer, does not end there. After crossing the two optic nerves, the fibers receive, as mentioned above, a different name - the visual tract. In the right visual tract there are uncrossed axonal processes of the right temporal half of the retina of the right eyeball and crossed fibers from the medial, that is, nasal, half of the retina of the left eyeball. Accordingly, the following can be observed in the left tract: unadjusted nerve fibers from the lateral half of the retina of the left eyeball and crossed axonal processes of the medial half of the retina of the right eyeball. Both the right and left visual pathways are directed to the subcortical centers responsible for visual sensations. The majority of the fibers end in the external cranked bodies. From these anatomical formations of the brain, the neurites that form the bundle of Grazioles depart. This beam, or radiance, ends in the occipital lobe, where there are specific visual fields. It is in them, as scientists believe, and there is a whole process of processing visual material. The speed of such reactions is super-powerful, amounting to a few tenths, or even hundredths of a second. A moment - and a person recognizes and understands what his "slightly wandering eyes" managed to "fall" at this moment. This is also the unique optical system of such an important sense organ as the organ of vision. It is sight that gives people a greater percentage of information than any other sense organ.