Therapeutic serum is ... Preparations for immunity. Serum curative and vaccine - difference

Each of us is surrounded by sources of infection, but this does not mean that with the first contact with them, we will necessarily fall ill. This does not happen because the immune system is immune to our health. This is a protective property of our body, which is produced after a disease or vaccination.

There are cases when a person picks up an infection, and there are no ready antibodies in the body to fight it, then the therapeutic serum comes to the rescue. It is a preparation of blood plasma, devoid of fibrinogen, but already with ready antibodies.

Healing Serum

For the prevention or emergency treatment of an infectious disease, you sometimes have to resort to the use of therapeutic sera. They are prepared from blood plasma, removing from it fibrinogen, a protein responsible for clotting.

Serums already contain ready antibodies against the causative agents of various infectious diseases. Most often in prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, drugs prepared from the blood plasma of animals are used. Serum of people who have been ill with this infectious disease are sometimes used.

Therapeutic serum is a more effective drug than a vaccine. As a result of its use, passive immunity is formed many times faster . Its introduction quickly neutralizes the pathogens of the infection, as well as the products of their vital activity.

Varieties of serums

To the classification of serums are suitable in terms of their significance and features of the action. Proceeding from this, they are:

1. Antibacterial.
2. Antitoxic.
3. Antivirus.
4. Homologous.
5. Heterogeneous.

The first variety is obtained as a result of hyperimmunization of horses, using killed bacteria. Despite the content of ready-made antibodies, such sera do not find wide application, therefore they are used quite seldom.

Preparations against viruses are obtained from blood serum of animals that have been infected with the virus. They are used much more often because of their greater efficiency.

Among antitoxic it is especially necessary to allocate: antidiphtheria serum, antitetanus, antigangrenous. They are obtained from the blood plasma of horses, using gradually increasing doses of toxins. Before testing in humans, serums must be cleaned, checked for safety and apyrogenicity.

Use of therapeutic serum

For therapeutic purposes, the immune serum is used. Its healing properties depend on the way it is obtained. If it is prepared from human blood plasma (homologous), then the duration of its therapeutic effect is much greater than that of that made from the blood of animals (heterologous).

Serum based on animal blood acts only a couple of weeks, and then it is destroyed. In addition, such drugs can cause side effects.

Before use, the human body is checked for sensitivity to the components of the serum, and a highly diluted drug is administered. If no negative reactions are observed, then the patient is administered the therapeutic serum in small doses and at intervals of half an hour.

If negative reactions are observed after the test, and there is no homologous preparation, then the drug is administered under anesthesia and using a large amount of glucocorticoids.

To insure any doctor before the introduction of heterologous serum, the patient will put a dropper, in case of emergency, if the alien protein begins to be rejected, begin providing first aid.

The effectiveness of the use of serum depends on the correct dose and timeliness of the procedure. The dose should be calculated taking into account the form of the clinical process, so that it can neutralize all antigens circulating throughout the body.

Therapeutic serum is a drug that can be effective in the first days of the disease. Applying it at later dates, most likely, will not give the desired effect.

The most commonly used sera for the treatment of the following diseases:

• Diphtheria.
• Botulism.
• Tetanus.
• Staphylococcal infection.
• Anthrax.
• Flu.
• Rabies and others.

If you use the serum at the very beginning of the disease, it will give a good effect.

Blood plasma preparations

These drugs include several forms:

1. Native plasma. Has a short shelf life, just a few days.
2. Frozen. Can be stored in the freezer for several months.
3. Dry plasma. It is suitable for 5 years. Before use, dilute it with saline solution.

From the blood plasma most often get globulin, fibrinogen, albumin. Gamma globulin is mainly used for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, among which:

• Measles.
• Whooping cough.
• Rubella.
• Hepatitis.
• Polio.

There are cases when this drug is used for burn disease.

Fibrinolysin is able to lyse clots of blood, so it is justified its use in thromboembolic disease. Before intravenous administration, dilute with saline solution.

Immunoglobulins are most often made from human blood, they are of two kinds:

• Contraindicated.
• Drugs of directed action.

Use homologous drugs more safely, they do not cause adverse reactions. For the production of anticorrosive immunoglobulin, donor blood is used, in which antibodies against a number of bacterial and viral infections already exist.

In order to prepare targeted immunoglobulins, volunteers are called for help. They are immunized against a specific disease. As a result, preparations with a high concentration of antibodies are obtained.

In this way, immunoglobulins are obtained for the treatment of influenza, rabies, smallpox, tetanus and other infections.

Vaccination

Any disease is easier to prevent than to treat later. This can be attributed to infectious diseases. Not always our immunity can cope with the infection, in some cases it is necessary to help develop certain antibodies that will be ready to immediately rush to fight the causative agent of the disease. For this, vaccination is carried out.

This procedure is relevant not only for children, but also vaccinations for adults from certain serious diseases are also necessary. They will help to avoid serious complications if the source of infection enters the body.

After the introduction of the vaccine, the body conducts a real immune reaction, there are white blood cells that will be able to produce antibodies against this pathogen. And this will not happen after a while after infection, but almost immediately.

The composition of vaccines may be different, depending on which they are:

• Alive.
• Inactivated.

The first group in its composition has living pathogens, but they have lost their virulence. Such strains cause a latent infection in a person, which does not differ from the present in the course of the current, only without obvious visible symptoms.

Breeding in the body, pathogens increase the antigenic load, and immunity is able to develop even after a single application and for life.

Inactivated vaccines contain killed pathogens, therefore, in order to develop sufficient immunity and a certain amount of antibodies, it is necessary to repeatedly inject the drug into the body.

Measures for the prevention of diseases necessarily include the vaccination of the population against common infections.

Before you get vaccinated, you need to study all the contraindications, especially for children. There are cases when vaccination is contraindicated.

Contraindications may include:

• Constant. Immunodeficiency state, malignant formations.
• Temporary. The presence of an acute disease, exacerbation of chronic diseases.
• False. Prematurity, dysbacteriosis, anemia, congenital malformations, allergy, asthma.

Do not avoid vaccinations, in some cases they can save the life of you or your child.

Differences between vaccine and therapeutic serum

Despite the fact that vaccines and serums are recognized to protect us from infection and help to cope with them as quickly as possible, still, there are significant differences between them:

1. The vaccine serves to prevent diseases, and therapeutic serum is a medicinal product.
2. After the introduction of the vaccine in the body, long-term immunity is formed, and the serum already contains ready-made antibodies.
3. The effect of the vaccine comes after a while, and the serum acts immediately.
4. After vaccination, immunity is established for a long time, and therapeutic serum is just a temporary effect.
5. The list of diseases that can be prevented with a vaccine is much greater than the number of diseases curable with serum.

Thus, they act in one direction, but the mechanisms are completely different.

Milk whey and its composition

After the cottage cheese is cooked, the whey remains, the use of it may be very varied, but most of us just pour it out. And in vain, it is an indispensable product not only in nutrition, but also in some other areas.

Such a wide range of uses is explained by the composition of whey, and it is quite rich. It includes: lactose, whey proteins, milk fat, vitamins of group B, C, A, E, and biotin.

In addition, it contains calcium, magnesium and beneficial bacteria.

All these components are very useful for the body, so it's worth revising your attitude to this product.

Useful properties of whey

The benefits of this product is known since ancient times. Our ancestors often used milk whey for various diseases.

It has a huge list of useful properties:

1. It leads to normal functioning of the liver and kidneys.
2. Stimulates the work of the intestine.
3. It is a diuretic, and therefore contributes to the elimination of harmful substances.
4. Cleans the skin.
5. Removes inflammation.
6. Has a significant help with rheumatism.
7. Eliminates hemorrhoids.
8. Helps get rid of cerebral circulation disorders.
9. Eliminates chronic diseases of the respiratory system.

You can still enumerate the diseases in which whey can help. Applying it if you exercise regularly, the result will not take long.

Classification of immunostimulants

These are drugs that increase immunity. First of all, they can be divided into preparations of plant and animal origin.

Immunostimulants of animal origin are divided into 2 groups.

1. Regulate immunity at the level of the thymus and bone marrow.

• Proteins based on the thymus gland affect T-lymphocytes.
• Medicines that affect the production of antibodies.

All these drugs have a powerful effect on the body, and without the recommendation of a doctor to take them undesirable.

2. Cytokines. Coordinate the work of immune cells.

• Interleukins. Act on the cells of innate immunity and develop acquired.
• Interferons. They have an immunomodulatory and antiviral effect.
• Interferon inductors. Stimulate the production of its own interferon in the cells of the body.

Despite the huge choice in pharmacies, the drugs for immunity should be prescribed by a doctor.

Medications for Immunity

This is the simplest way out, when it is necessary to improve immunity, especially since there is no deficit in these drugs. All these medicines are divided into several varieties:

• Homeopathic. Some are very distrustful of such means. But with the right selection, they have a good effect and do not cause side effects.
• Interferon preparations. Act quickly, but only against viral infections.

If we talk about the effectiveness of drugs, they give a good result, if they are used not at the beginning of the disease, but even before it. This is a kind of disease prevention measure. Then the body will be fully armed before the infection and quickly deal with it. The greatest demand for such drugs: "Viferon", "Arbidol", "Amiksin", "Cycloveron" and many others.

Nature protects immunity

Herbal preparations for immunity act much softer on the body, but they need to take a longer time.

Such means are especially popular among this group:

• "Tincture of Echinacea."
• "Tincture of the root of the althea."
• "Tincture (extract) of Eleutherococcus".

Positively affects the immunity of rhodiola rosea. It not only improves the body's resistance to various infections, but also positively affects mental and physical performance.

It is worth considering that herbal preparations are much slower, but they provide a stable and lasting result. Almost no side effects are observed. You can take them courses. Despite the apparent safety of such therapy, consultation with a doctor is still necessary.

That before you did not stand the question of taking medical serum in an emergency order to fight an infectious disease, take care in advance of your immunity, and then he will not let you down.