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The solar system was first described by scientist Nikolai Copernicus

The solar system is the only system most studied in the universe. To date, we know of 8 planets and more than 63 satellites located in this system. Open a lot of asteroids and meteors of various sizes, as well as comets, which in their orbit cross the entire system.

Which scientist first described the solar system? How is it created and is there a chance of life in other galaxies?

History of the discovery

Surprisingly, the Solar system was first described by a scientist named Nikolai Copernicus in the 16th century. Before him, there were very few ideas about the location in space. It was believed that the Earth is the center of the universe, and all objects revolve around it. Despite the lack of modern devices for studying outer space, Copernicus was able to accurately determine the location of the Earth in outer space. He first made a model of our solar system, introducing it as heliocentric. This means that all planets known at that time revolve around the Sun and around their axis.

Galileo and other scientists

In the next century, with the help of a primitive telescope, the Solar System was first described by a scientist - Galileo Galilei. So there was exact evidence of that heliocentric system, of which Copernicus spoke. Galileo discovered four satellites revolving around Jupiter. Although it should be recalled that the religious leaders of that time strongly resisted the model of the heliocentric Solar System.

The 18th century was marked by new discoveries in the field of astronomy. The solar system was first described by a scientist who discovered the hitherto unknown planet - Uranus. Following him were discovered two satellites of Saturn and two satellites of Uranus.

The peak in the study of the solar system came in the mid-20th century. And then the solar system was first described by a scientist-astronaut, who first saw it with his own eyes. Further flights into space confirmed the heliocentricity of our galaxy. Today the launch of the orbital station and satellites, as well as flights to other planets, expand the understanding of our galaxy.

The solar system and its planets

The sun with its planets, belonging to the Milky Way galaxy, is the most studied part of the known universe. It consists of 8 planets, which are visible on the horizon in the form of small stars, reflecting the light of the closest star to us - the Sun. Called the planet by the names of deities, which were worshiped by the peoples of ancient Rome and Greece.

Also in the solar system is a belt of asteroids, satellites of planets and comets, crossing the star system. As the universe appeared with its immense number of galaxies, it is not exactly established, but when learning about nearby planets, much can be achieved. All the planets of our system are divided into two groups: terrestrial and giant planets. Consider the closest to us.

Planets of the Earth group

This group includes the so-called planets, close to the Earth's orbit and consisting of hard surfaces. In addition to the Earth, they include: Mercury, Venus and Mars. Of course, the most studied of all these planets is the unique Earth. With its unimaginable landscape and beauty, the astronauts who watch it from outer space are referred to as a blue pearl in a cold space.

Exploring the composition of the Earth with the help of various seismic instruments, scientists came to the conclusion that inside the planet is a red-hot core surrounded by a mantle. A small dense surface is called a bark. It is these studies that helped to determine that the other three planets of the terrestrial group have a similar composition and are very similar to each other.

Mercury

The planet closest to the Sun - Mercury - has small dimensions compared to the Earth. It is 20 times smaller than the Earth's mass and has dimensions 2.5 times smaller than that of the Earth. The speed of rotation around its axis is 58.7 Earth days, and the revolution around the Sun Mercury performs for 88 terrestrial days. This planet is so close to the star that the temperature on the sunny side is more than 400 degrees Celsius, and on the other side it freezes at a temperature of -200 degrees.

Only in 2009, scientists were able to compile the first maps of the planet, drawing on the images obtained from the spacecraft launched to it. Mercury does not have its own atmosphere and is very similar to the moon of our planet. Because of the proximity to the sun and the elliptical orbit, it is very difficult to conduct research.

Beauty Venus

It is the second planet remotely from the sun, having its own atmosphere. One might think that life is possible on Venus, but, unfortunately, this is not so. The atmosphere of this planet is very dense and aggressive. For the most part, it consists of carbon dioxide, but it contains poisonous substances, such as sulfuric acid.

Venus revolves around the Sun faster than the Earth and, interestingly, in the opposite direction from it. Turnover is made for 225 days, and around its axis - for 243 days. Because of the density of the atmosphere, the temperature on the planet exceeds 500 degrees Celsius. Thus, it is obtained by the planet's hottest planet.

Earth is a blue pearl

The planet Earth is the most explored of all the planets. It has been studied from time immemorial, but only the twentieth century was able to uncover the answers to the questions posed earlier. What is the form, what does it hang on and other questions. The first flights into space confirmed the scientists' assumptions and confirmed unquestionable truths: the Earth is round and hangs on nothing in outer space. Today we perfectly know the composition of the atmosphere, and thanks to it all life can safely exist.

It also turned out that our planet has a magnetic belt that can protect all life from the effects of harmful sunlight and the solar wind. These disturbances can be observed in the form of northern and southern lights.

We must also say about the great moon of the Earth . It has an equal speed of circulation both around its axis and around the Earth, thanks to this you can observe only one side of it. This is what contributes to the fact that the Moon is also a kind of shield for the planet and takes the largest number of falling meteorites on itself. The surface of the Moon is well studied, many craters or lowlands bear the names of scientists who discovered them. While it remains the only space object, which man visited.

Mars

The fourth of the terrestrial planets. The red planet contains a lot of secrets. The atmosphere of the planet is light enough, it contains mainly carbon dioxide, nitrogen, partly oxygen and many other substances. Mars often rage wind storms, where the wind speed reaches 100 m / s. As the remains of water are found on the planet, scientists assumed that it may have had a life in the past. The year on Mars is 687 days, and the temperature does not rise above minus 23 degrees in summer. At this temperature, life, in the human sense of the word, is impossible on Mars.

To date, the search continues for extraterrestrial civilizations. Scientists first found water on the planet outside the solar system, but now this is only an assumption. On a planet called Osiris, located at a distance of 150 light-years, the particles of steam were supposedly found in the spectral analysis. Many times the attempts of scientists to find extraterrestrial civilizations turned out to be unsuccessful.

The solar system, the description of which is given in part, is unique. It is located in the most ideal location of the Milky Way galaxy for the existence of life in it. So far, such a system has not been found. And as a result, scientists recognized the solar system as unique in its kind.

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