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The Northern Fleet is the polar shield of Russia

The Northern Fleet was created much later than the Baltic, Black Sea and Pacific. The importance of the polar theater of military operations increased significantly in the early thirties of the twentieth century. Achievements in aviation and shipbuilding made it possible to draw a conclusion about the priority importance of protecting territories on which it was impossible to conduct military operations earlier.

The People's Commissar for Defense of the USSR, Klim Voroshilov , signed an order in April 1933 on the transfer of a squadron consisting of destroyers Kuibyshev and Uritsky, two submarines and two patrolmen to the polar zone. The caravan of the ships was named EON-1 (expedition of special purpose). The ships formed the basis of the military flotilla formed in Murmansk. In August, a large-scale construction of a new naval base in the town of Polyarny began.

In 1935, the Northern Flotilla began training and combat work. Within a short period, in just two years, many long-distance transitions were made, in particular to Novaya Zemlya and the Northern Sea Route, the experience of under-ice navigation of submarines was acquired, aerodromes of naval aviation were built, and domestic and auxiliary infrastructure was organized. In May 1937, the Northern Fleet was established on the basis of the flotilla.

The thirties became the era of the development of the Arctic. The rescue of ID Papanin's expedition was carried out with the active participation of sailors and Northern Fleet pilots.

The Northern Fleet took part in the winter Finnish war. The strategically advantageous location of the main base made it possible to block the supply of the enemy from the sea. The ports of Petsamo and Liinakhamari were occupied by Soviet sailors.

Since June 1941, the significance of the Soviet northern ports has increased significantly. Arkhangelsk and Murmansk took the help of the Allies, their defense became a vital task. For four war years over the Atlantic passed more than fifteen thousand convoys, each of which for hundreds of miles met our ships, accompanied to the ports of destination, repulsing the attacks of German torpedo bombers, submarines and bombers.

The Northern Fleet actively opposed the German forces of the Kriegsmarine. The Nazis lost more than six hundred ships and 1,300 aircraft in the polar latitudes. Heroes submariners Nikolai Lunin, Ivan Kolyshkin, Israel Fisanovich, Mohammed Hajiyev and many others have done everything they could to win, sacrificing, if it was necessary, lives. The North Sea pilots Boris Safonov, Ivan Katunin, Pyotr Sgibnev covered their red-star wings with unfading glory in the Arctic sky.

Since the fifties, the Northern Fleet has become not only oceanic, but also missile. The world's first ship's ballistic launch was made in 1956 in the White Sea. Three years later, the North Sea took the submarine K-3 submarine "Leninsky Komsomol" into service. 1960 was marked by the world's first underwater launch of a ballistic intercontinental missile.

In 1962, the Northern Submarine Fleet conquered the Pole. The "Leninsky Komsomol" rocket carrier took a surface position, breaking the body of the ice, and the sailors were installed at a point with a coordinate of 90 degrees. W. Flags of the USSR and the Navy.

In the second half of the seventies of the XX century, the Northern Fleet included aircraft carriers. The first of these was the cruiser "Kiev", in 1991 the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov was on alert duty.

Historical realities showed how perspicious the creator of the Russian Fleet was, Peter the Great. More than three centuries ago, while conducting the first Russian ships in the northern waters, he prophetically understood the future strategic importance of the North in protecting the country.

Today the zone of responsibility of the Northern Fleet of Russia is the entire world ocean. The base in Severomorsk and Severodvinsk offers opportunities for unlimited operational scope.

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