Engines for ships: types, characteristics, description. Scheme of the ship engine

By designate different types of marine engines. The devices that are the main driving force are basic. Auxiliary engines provide the operation of various mechanisms on the ships. In particular, the models are used to service electric generators, winches and compressors. The power factor also separates the devices.

Still models are divided by the type of combustion of fuel. They can be a two-stroke or four-stroke type. First of all, devices with mixed combustion of fuel are isolated. In this case, a constant pressure is provided. However, there are modifications with combustion of fuel at a constant volume. Separately distinguish the configuration with supercharging and without it. In order to understand everything, it is necessary to look at the description of ship engines of different types.

Two-stroke modification scheme

Two-stroke models (the scheme of the ship engine is shown below) are most often installed on ferries. The tiller is used for them manually. Directly the shaft of the models is installed over the carburetor block. The power of the modification is quite different. Pushers are most often used with a clamp. The drive shaft of the models is mounted above the pallet. Clamps are not used in two-stroke models. It is also important to note that they keep an average pressure of 5 bar. The fuel consumption of the ship's engine depends on the working power of the unit.

Characteristics of the four-stroke model

If we talk about the characteristics of ship engines four - stroke type, it is important to note that the power of their average is 40 kW. The pallets they have are used with deadwood. The drive shafts are directly above the central chamber. Water pumps are not available for four-stroke modifications. In this case, the springs are of the connecting type. Some models have backstops. Transmission units are used very different. Sometimes four-stroke engines use reverse gears. In such models, the springs are located at the rear of the hull.

Low-power engines

A low-power engine (from 10 to 20 kW) is used most often with a transition connector. Starters for modifications are applied only by hand type. By the parameter of the limiting pressure, the devices are quite different. Clamps are most often used with anodes. Directly propeller shafts are installed above the pallet.

Also it should be noted that there are modifications with superchargers. By type of combustion chamber, the devices are different. Reducers are mainly used with an anti-cavitic plate. In most models, there are no backstops.

Medium Power Models

The average engine (from 20 to 30 kW) can often be found on passenger ships. The drives are used, as a rule, in the belt type. Direct shafts are installed with a diameter of 4.5 cm. The impellers in this case are used with gears. It is also important to note that there are modifications with supercharging. Dadewoods are used both as drive and connecting type. On average, the limit pressure parameter is 4.5 bar.

Powerful motors

A powerful engine (from 30 to 40 kW) is often installed on transport ships. The volume of the camera models are quite different. In this case, carburettors are installed in the rear of the body. In total, the model can have up to five pumps. The valves are of the reverse type. On average, the parameter of the limiting frequency is equal to 5.5 bar. Back-up clips in almost all modifications are provided. The impellers are installed near the carburetor. The shaft of the models can be directly above the pallet. Some engines have a connector. The starters are mainly of the manual type.

Heavy Duty Engines

Heavy-duty engine (from 50 to 60 kW) is manufactured on the basis of a camshaft. In this case, the modification uses silencers. Carburettors, as a rule, are near the pallet. For the distribution of oil there is a rocker. The type of pushers models differ. It is also important to note that there are modifications in which the suspension bracket is located above the flywheel. On average, the frequency of the engines does not exceed 2300 rpm.

Modifications with mixed combustion of fuel

The engine with mixed combustion of fuel is most often produced with large-capacity gearboxes. The driving gears are located under the shaft. In this case, the anti-cavitation plate is located under the fuel pump. A distinctive feature of engines of this type can be safely called the presence of strong pushers. They decompose under the yoke.

By the type of carburetor models differ. It is also important to note that the devices are manufactured with different camshafts. Directly the valves in the devices are designed for 4 bar. A silencer is located above the deadwoods. There are also configurations in which it is located behind the shaft. The fuel for marine engines is suitable for a liquid type with a flash point of 600 degrees.

Motors with combustion of fuel at constant volume

The engine of this type is characterized by a three-dimensional chamber. In this case, the rocker arms are not used. Direct delivery of fuel is carried out by means of pistons. Crankshafts for models are often above the flywheels. Reducers are mainly used in the belt. The muffler is not used in all configurations. It is also important to note that some models have a cooling system. Ignition in motors is provided only inductive type.

Devices with supercharged

The supercharged engine is more suitable for tankers. Starters for them are of a manual type. Directly tillers are located above the clamp, and attach to the camshaft. The volume of the camera models are different. It is also important to note that different fixatives are used in devices. Pumps are used to feed the oil. Springs for models of this type are located behind the impeller. For some modifications, the transmission rod is missing. The driving gear in the devices is fixed most often at the reducer. Repair of marine engines with supercharging is carried out in port workshops.

Model parameters without boost

Engines (ships) without boost are produced, as a rule, with a yoke. The power of modifications does not exceed 40 kW. For transport ships, they fit well. Starters for many models are used manual. Valve on average pressure able to keep at 5.5 bar. Connectors in devices are used without pushers. The pallets are most often made of steel. Some modifications have a reverse lock.

The drive shaft at the engines is located behind the drive gear. The impellers are very different in size. In this case, much depends on the capacity of the unit. It is also important to note that the devices use cooling systems. Directly, oil is delivered to the crankcase via the pump.

Devices with internal mixture formation

Engines (ships) with internal mixture formation in our time are not very common. The models with a capacity of about 50 kW are produced. In this case, the impellers are installed behind the drive shaft. In some models, the tiller is used automatically. Directly the starter's operation is provided by means of a reducer. In some configurations there is a transmission. The retaining clips of the engines are mounted behind the drive gear. Springs in size may vary. Modifications with supercharges on the market are presented. Water pumps are used in various volumes. On average, the limit pressure parameter does not exceed 6.5 bar. The cooling system in all configurations is air-type.

Spark ignition engines

Engines (ship) with a spark ignition are made of different power. Dedwoods in many configurations are set in an adjustment type. Transmission units are most often located at the bottom of the hull. By the type of spring models are very different. The drive shaft in the configurations is directly above the pallet. Some models have two pumps for feeding fuel. It is also important to note that engines of this type have a camshaft. The crank pushers near the engines may be located near the impeller.

Models with self-ignition from compression

Engines (ships) with self-ignition from compression are made most often two-stroke type. The average power of models is 30 kW. Crankshafts in many modifications are installed not a large diameter. Fuel pumps are usually located at the rear of the housing.

Some configurations use pushers. Cooling systems are most often provided by air type. The driving gear for most engines is located behind the shaft. It is also important to note that models of this type are equipped with rocker arms. Some configurations have as many as three valves. Lionfish are most often used steel.

Carburettor modifications

Carburetor engines are manufactured with two camshafts. In this case, the sternware is of a manual type. The fuel consumption depends on the capacity of the unit, as well as the volume of the chamber. Springs in devices are used with an impeller.

Modifications with pushers are rare. It is also important to note that there are two-stroke and four-cycle units. Also there are models with rocker arms. Their average power is 30 kW.