Water pump: classification, features of species

The water pump is used if necessary to pump large volumes of water or create a head when it is fed. The device has several types and is used in various areas, for example, in construction and agriculture, in suburban areas and in communal services, industry and firefighting.

In the field of application, such a mechanism as a water pump is divided into domestic and industrial.

Household pump is used to move water flow or create water pressure in the water supply of country houses, when draining basements, to change the water in the pool, watering the garden. Increasing the pressure is necessary to supply water to multi-storey buildings, for the normal operation of household units (washing machines and dishwashers). A distinctive feature of the household pump is the need to supply clean water and its relatively low productivity, which is enough to meet the needs of the private economy.

The industrial pump for pumping water is characterized by increased technical characteristics. It is used to work with water of varying degrees of contamination. Often the pump is used to work with other liquids, for example, pumps are produced for pumping chemically active substances, petroleum products and fecal matter.

Water pumps are classified according to their intended purpose, thus distinguishing:

1. Submersible pumps:

· Boreholes;

· Drainage;

Fecal;

Wells.

2. Surface pumps:

· Circulating;

· Pressure;

· Pumping stations;

· Universal water pump for watering.

Submersible pumps

This group received its name because of the fact that their operation is possible only when the unit is immersed in water at different depths.

Borehole pumps usually have a cylindrical, elongated shape of the body. A small diameter facilitates the absorption of water with a sufficiently large (more than 20 m) depth. This greatly expands the scope of the pump and makes it possible to operate it in narrow wells. Pumps of this type are characterized by high power.

Well pumps are used to lift low-contaminated water from wells. At high performance, such pumps differ relatively little noise, which makes it possible to use them for water supply in cottages or cottages.

Drainage pumps pumped out polluted water saturated with silt and sand, other substances whose particles do not exceed 30 mm in diameter, from pits and pits, trenches and cellars.

Fecal pumps are used for pumping heavily polluted water in which various impurities and long-fiber inclusions are present. The normal operation of the unit is ensured by the presence in the pump mechanism of a special cutting device.

Water pump: surface pumps

This category of pumps does not require immersion in water, they are installed near water bodies, with the intake of water produced using a special hose. A water pump of this type provides water lifting from wells and wells for watering plantings, for draining the basement, for summer water supply, to ensure normal water supply during extinguishing.

A feature of surface pumps is their ability to pump water only from shallow depths, in connection with this they are used in places of convenient access to water. The water pump of surface type has small dimensions, it is very easy to use, it is characterized by compactness and mobility.

Garden pumps (pump for dachas) are used for watering areas, they are convenient to pump water from the pools.

Pressure pumps are used to increase the pressure in the system.

Pumping stations have an additional water tank, they are released with a special control unit. They have especially high power and an increased service life.