The image of a rebellious soul in Lermontov's romantic lyrics. The works of M. Yu. Lermontov

Russian literature of the first third of the 19th century, mostly romantic. Readers were carried away by Byron and Schiller, Goethe and Walter Scott, Zhukovsky and Bestuzhev-Marlinsky. Paying tribute to the new trends, in this key is created by the early Pushkin, the young Rileyev. The young Lermontov also harmoniously blended with the literary trend . However, it was he who had the particular honor of overcoming stamps and stereotypes and creating a fundamentally new - Lermontov - romanticism.

Why "not Byron"

The image of the rebellious soul in Lermontov's romantic lyrics stands apart among literary characters close to the subject and artistic means of their disclosure. In his program poem, comparing himself with the founder of English and European romanticism Byron, the young poet emphasizes that he has a "Russian" soul. And therefore everything that falls into the lyrical hero's field of vision, is colored by the national Russian color, is transferred to the domestic soil. No, of course, the image of the rebellious soul in Lermontov's romantic lyrics is quite related to Byron's, and it's not for nothing that the poet uses a comparative comparison: "like him, a stranger driven by the world ...". However, this is all that unites the heroes. Because the angry, often pompous disappointment of the characters of Byron's lyric poetry, their aspiration for exotic countries and fatal passions seem unreal, like the play of actors in provincial theaters. The image of the rebellious soul in Lermontov's romantic lyrics is different.

The abyss between the hero and the "world"

On the scale and depth of experience, it is comparable, perhaps, with the boundless abyss of the ocean - inconceivable, mysterious, "morose". Hyperbole is generally characteristic of Mikhail Yurievich's poetry. Moreover, it is appropriate when it comes to the most important things that are important for the author. The poet will never be understood by the crowd, will not be open to her, for it is too great. Therefore, the image of the rebellious soul in Lermontov's romantic lyrics is always tragic. He is a loner, doomed by his talent for a spiritual vacuum. Only the Creator, the Creator is equal to the Poet. Only He or the author himself can convey to the rest of his thoughts, feelings, ideals of the lyric hero. But in this way, the problem of the spiritual loneliness of the creative personality in the world of average people, "selfish mediocrities" is even more acute. It is she who dedicates many poems to M. Lermontov.

"I'm alone ..."

Continuing the theme of loneliness as one of the main lines in a romantic direction, we will consider in a few more examples its projection on Lermontov's lyrics. Mikhail Yurievich's life is endless wanderings, and he himself is a wanderer, an "oak leaf", which is stripped from his place by alien external forces. Is that why his poems are about? M. Lermontov wrote a lot on the theme of freedom / lack of freedom, by which he understands not only the absence of external shackles, but also the possibility of a creative person to live as he sees fit. The poet did not have this freedom. The link was replaced by a reference, some censorship restrictions by others, persecution by persecution. Because so often arises in his lyrics the motive of captivity, imprisonment, prison. A prisoner, languishing behind bars, looking longingly at the distant sky, into the expanses - the poet himself, Lermontov. Quotations of works on hearing, is not it? "I'm alone, there is no joy ...", "I'm sitting silently under the window of the prison ..." and many others.

Features of Lermontov Romanticism

And even in those lyrical miniatures that seem to be far from social problems, the tragic note of anguish and despair before the implacability of Rock, personified by the Russian autocracy, sounds clear and clear. Remember the famous: "Heavenly clouds, / eternal wanderers ...")? What does Lermontov write (quotes): "You are racing, / as if I am / exiles ..." And then he lists the reasons that run from the "nice north" running clouds. Agree, they correspond more to our restless human tribe, than to "eternally free" and "eternally cold" indifferent clouds. And this, he, Lermontov, was constantly hampered by the open malice of light, and the secret envy of enemies, and "fate's decision" in the person of the government. Therefore, the romantic tradition of opposing the individual and the world acquires a different interpretation in the work of Mikhail Yurievich than in the European literature.

Life is struggle

The themes of Lermontov's poetry are diverse and diverse. This is the patriotic lyrics, and love, and socio-political, civil, philosophical, poet and poetry. But first of all it is a lyric of protest, struggle, intransigence, rebellious mental anxiety. The lyrical hero of the poet can not be pacified, calm, serene by definition - well, not his this, not him! What poem you remember when you mention the name of Lermontov? "The sail is white, is not it?" And not only because he is one of the first we teach in school. A solitary fragile sail, battered by storms, but bravely and boldly guiding his way against the current, eager for struggle and seeing the meaning of life in it, is Mikhail Yuryevich, as we know him from poems, poems, dramas, and memoirs of contemporaries. Confirm this idea of such works by M. Lermontov as, for example, "Dagger", "I'm sad I look ...", "And boring, and sad ...", "Poet".

Poet and poetry

The image of a dagger, an invariable attribute of romantic poetry, is also present in Lermontov's lyrics. And if in the poem of the same name he means really cold weapons, personifies the bellicosity and freedom-loving not only of the mountain peoples, but also the lyric hero ("I love you, / damask mine dagger"), then in the Poet Mikhail Yurievich again resorts to the analogy. He compares Poetry's poetry with the double-edged sword. Once Poet's thought, his inspired images captivated the people, raised morale, ignited to the battle for high ideals. But it was like that once. And then poetry, art retreated to the second plan, passed educational positions, refused to go in the spiritual vanguard. Poetry has exchanged its terrible, restless, but such an important primacy for calm, indifference, laziness. It became useless, entertaining, like a dagger, a golden toy hanging on the wall. The romantic rebellious spirit of Lermontov can not reconcile with this state of affairs. He bitterly exclaims: will the "mocked prophet" wake up, dare to regain his former power over the minds and souls, again become the heralds of the "truths of the ages" or even in spiritual, moral dysfunction, equivalent death.

Love and philosophical lyrics

A romantic hero, as a rule, is unhappy in love. She is either unseparated, or lovers are separated by insurmountable obstacles. Lermontov's topic is much deeper. The poet is not only incomprehensible to the crowd - his love is also frustrated. "I'm sad at the fact that you're having fun ...", "I will not take offense at you ..." - these are the most characteristic examples of personal relationships between the lyric hero and the addressees of his love lyrics. A lone pine tree, dreaming of a beautiful palm tree, a sad cliff, hiding a tear and looking with longing after the fleeing cloud - all this Lermontov. He is "bored and sad," "there is no one to give a hand," he alone "goes out on the road." Closed in itself, constantly reflecting, being in a hostile environment of light, the poet does not find a kindred, dear soul. Proud, unruly Demon, eternal sufferer and wanderer, dared to rise alone against all.

Mtsyri is the favorite ideal of the poet

And one more rebellious, restless soul attracts our attention in Lermontov's work. This is Mtsyri, his favorite hero. Proud, independent, unrestrained by fate, rebellious and free, giving himself away the only dream and passion - to gain the will and homeland, to learn, "for the will or prison" man is born. For a life free and bright, full of conscious action - this is sure the poet and conveys his confidence to us, his readers!