The gynecological turn: how is it emphasized? The rules of gerundive turnover

Understand what is gerundive turnover, as this design is emphasized, how to properly disassemble such a proposal for composition, from the first time it turns out not at all. To learn how to work with this grammatical unit, it is necessary to address its origins.

What is the gerundance?

In considering this issue, it is first to find out what a girlish participle is. It is understood as an independent part of speech, which in Russian is interpreted as a special form of the verb. The lexical meaning of gerunds is an act of a secondary nature, performed simultaneously with the basic.

The vertebrate has signs of an adverb and a verb. From the first part of the speech, it assumed immutability, and the syntactic role in the sentence is circumstance, and from the second - the categories of recurrence and transitivity. Usually you can ask him the following questions: "How?", "What is done?", "What are you doing?".

We study the Russian language: gerundive circulation and gerundive participles

The gerundance in Russian arose in connection with the appearance of a brief form of one of the sacramental cases. When the impersonal participles in the Old Russian language lost the forms of declension, they became the verbal participle, which had the signs of the verb, in particular time. Today they are used with the ending "-s", which appeared from the return verbs.

A verbal participle, the questions to which coincide with those of a single verbal participle, is a bunch of words "gerundive + dependent word", where any part of speech can act as the second component. In this case, the dependent word will often play a secondary role in the sentence.

Syntactic function

The adverbial turnover is separated by commas from both sides and, as a rule, plays the role of circumstance in the sentence. It is very important to be able to distinguish the verbal participle from single verbal participles that are close in function to adverbs, which have the meaning of the mode of action (in the sentence they are also circumstances, but they do not stand out). If someone asks you about what a gerundive turnover is, as he and his components emphasize, you will be able to answer what is done by this dotted line with a dot.

Some adverbial turns may not be isolated. We are talking about those units that, by their content, are very closely related to the predicate and form the core of the sentence contained in the sentence. The gynecological turns, which are proverbs, also do not separate (according to the rules of Russian orthography).

The rules of gerundive turnover

A verbal participle can be placed in a sentence before the verb that performs the function of the predicate, and behind it. Regardless of where it is, it should be separated by commas on both sides. For example: "Masha, opening a jar of jam, poured it into a beautiful vase and put it on the table." The adverbial "opening the jar with jam" is in front of the predicate and is separated by commas.

Some similar constructions can be located behind a subordinate or a cohesive union, as well as a union word. In this case, they are also separated by a comma, while the turn can be removed to any other end of the sentence, the general meaning of which in this case will not be affected in any way. For example: "Life is so cruel to people that, without knowing how to grieve, it is impossible to learn how to love." In this case, the sentence can be changed: "Life is so cruel to people that it is impossible to learn how to love, not knowing how to grieve." The meaning of the sentence remained the same, only the order of the components was changed.

Cases-Exceptions

Some students and students quite often make mistakes in adverbial movements, not having information about exceptions. It is a question of cases when such a structure is located in the sentence for the opposing union "a". In this case, it can not be moved to any other place of the proposal, since the structure of the latter will completely collapse.

If the gerundive turnover is between two opposing homogeneous members of the proposal that are associated with the help of the adversarial union "a", it should be separated by commas on both sides. For example: "The old does not disappear anywhere, but, transforming under modern conditions, continues to live among people."

Separation

After you have learned what a gerundive turnover is, as its components emphasize, it's time to get information about cases of isolation of these constructions. Turns, which include particles "only" and "only", have a feature. Particles intonationally separated from the gerundive turnover, however, are segregated with it.

If you are confronted with two geeks, which are connected with the help of a single union "and", know that they are not separated by commas, but behave like homogeneous members of the sentence in similar cases. For example: "One day, while traveling in the blue lush sea and feeling satisfied, he ran into the unforeseen ...".

Complex cases

When connecting not two gypsy pieces, but one turn and other constructions (predicates, simple sentences, etc.), the union is separated by a comma, thereby restoring the isolation to the gypsy part. For example: "He sat on the steps, yawning slightly, and thought that tomorrow he would again have to go to the hated work."

If, in similar cases, a pair of gyro-participatory turns is connected by means of an associationless connection, it is necessary to clarify the semantic meaning of the proposal. Only on the basis of it will it be possible to determine to which predicate each turn can be attributed. In this case, there should not be any punctuation between the constructions.

When the gerundive turnover is not detached?

After you understand what a participial turn is, as this sentence fragment (point-dash-dot-dash) is emphasized, one has to deal with the most complicated situation, in which the construction is not allocated with commas. There are few such cases, but their existence makes you especially attentive.

If the verbal participle is too closely related to the verb in its lexical meaning and together with it forms the thesis of the whole sentence, it does not separate. For example: "There lived Ivanovs with no one quarreling." The most important thing here is that they lived without any quarrels, i.e. There is a close connection with the verb.

How not to be mistaken?

The rules of participial turnover provide for the presence of constructions that are not allocated with commas. For example, phraseological units: "He worked through his sleeves" or "Lying staring at the ceiling." In this case, there are exceptions, for example, frozen expressions that play the function of introductory constructions: "judging by everything", "easier to say", etc.

A verbal participle can not be separated from two sides by commas, if there is a particle "u" in front of it, which has the semantics of amplification. For example: "You can remain humble and defeat a serious enemy." In this case, there are no commas, and very often serious mistakes are made here.

What else do you need to know?

If in the gerundive turnover there is a combination in the form of "gerundive + ss. Which ", the union word is not separated, but is part of the design. For example: "He faced a lot of different difficulties, without deciding which could not move on." For classical poets, it was usual to formulate a sentence with a gypsy part, inside of which was a subject, not comma-delimited from two sides.

If the gerundive part of the turnover has lost its verbal meaning, it has lost the possibility of isolation. For example: "I will be at work starting at nine o'clock in the morning." In this case, the "starting" gerundive can be excluded from the sentence, and the latter's meaning will not change radically, since the combination "since" here plays the function of a preposition. In this case, there are exceptions, which are now disputed by the leading linguists-Russianists.

A participial turn can also not be isolated if it plays the role of a homogeneous member of the sentence, within which there is an undefined circumstance. If the adverb is combined with the gerund, it can be separated by commas on both sides.

The information on how the constructions with the verbal participles are distinguished will help you to correctly determine their syntactic function. Now you know what a participial turn is, as each of its components is emphasized, so you will not have any problems with its definition.