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The Golden Ring of Russia: Kostroma. Cities in the Golden Ring of Russia

The Golden Ring of Russia is made up of twenty ancient Russian cities that are located in the central part of the country, in the northeast of Moscow.

Which cities are included in the Golden Ring?

Cities in the Golden Ring of Russia belong to the Moscow and Ivanovo, Vladimir and Yaroslavl, Kostroma and Tver regions. But the main of them are considered to be eight settlements. The others are an occasion for discussions of experts. The author of the expression "Golden Ring of Russia" was the writer Yu. Bychkov, who in 1967 created a series of essays under this title for the newspaper "Soviet Russia".

These cities really form a ring, and each of them surprises with its history and unique cultural monuments, which have no analogues anywhere in the world.

Each country keeps the signs of antiquity, they also exist in our vast Russia. These are cities that existed in ancient times, and still have not lost their color. You can read a lot, consider a photo, but it's better to go on a trip to see the Golden Ring of Russia with your own eyes. Tours on this route are now available to everyone.

Someone in the cities of this group counts Moscow, someone thinks that by certain parameters it does not fit this definition. We will not discuss this issue. Our task is to acquaint you (at least very briefly) with the ancient Russian cities. Which of these make up this magnificent Ring? The list will look like this:

  • Suzdal.
  • Kostroma.
  • Rostov.
  • Sergiev Posad.
  • Yaroslavl.
  • Vladimir.
  • Pereslavl-Zalessky.
  • Ivanovo.

These are the eight recognized "golden" cities of great Russia. In addition to them, there are many more that do not quite fit into the definition. But everyone can imagine many amazing masterpieces of Russian history and culture.

Gold ring of Russia. Moscow

Yes, experts will forgive us, but we decided to add our ancient capital to this list.

Moscow is in the interfluve of the Volga and the Oka. The city covers an area of 1081 km ². It is the largest transport hub of the country. Many kinds of public transport are developed in the capital, including the metro.

The old part of the capital has a circular layout. Its historical core is the ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square. This is the most beautiful area of the city, especially from the side of the Resurrection Gate.

In our capital there are many priceless historical and cultural monuments that are protected by the state. Therefore, the capital is worthy of representing the Golden Ring of Russia. Moscow has changed, has turned into a major European megalopolis, but there are such places in it that make it inimitable, where precious monuments of our great history dear to every Russian are carefully kept.

Kostroma

We will continue our acquaintance with the cities that make up the Golden Ring of Russia.

Kostroma is a beautiful Russian city. It was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky. For the first time, Kostroma is mentioned in the Tver chronicles of 1213. Already by the middle of the XIII century, this city became the central one in the appanage princedom, and at the end of the XIV century. He became part of the principality of Moscow. In the XV century Kostroma was subjected to numerous raids by Tatars.

In the 16th-17th centuries, crafts were actively developing in the city: forge, leather, silver, various kinds of textile crafts, painting and architecture. In 1751, the first linen manufactory appeared in Kostroma.

The city's attractions

Kostroma has a huge number of memorable places. It takes a lot of time to study them. Many state sights are protected by the state. Kostroma is also represented by such sites that are under the protection of UNESCO. Today we will tell you only about some of them.

Church of the Resurrection on Debreu

The word "debra" means a place overgrown with an impenetrable dark forest. According to the legend preserved to this day, once there was such a forest. The princes liked to hunt here.

A huge contribution to the construction of this church was made by the rich merchant Cyril Isakov. This is the only surviving church in the city, which is very proud of the city of Kostroma. It is decorated on three sides by porches with cupolas and tents. In the interior of the church there are still paintings of VI Zapokrovsky - a famous Kostroma painter.

Monument to Ivan Susanin

Without this glorious Russian city, it's impossible to imagine the Golden Ring of Russia. Kostroma keeps the memory of its national heroes.

Ivan Susanin glorified his native city by the fact that in 1613 he led a detachment of Poles into a remote forest swamp, thereby saving the life of Tsar Mikhail, the first of the Romanov dynasty. His feat was immortalized in a stone monument, which today stands on the central avenue of the city.

Ipatyevsky Monastery

Temples and cathedrals are famous for many of the cities that make up the Golden Ring of Russia. Kostroma is no exception. Ipatievsky Monastery was built in 1330, it was built by the Tatar prince Chet. Ivan Susanin is buried here.

Until now, historical buildings have been preserved on the territory of the monastery: the Romanov Chambers, the magnificent belfry, which was built with Godunov funds, the Trinity Cathedral. Today, the Kostroma Museum is located within the walls of the monastery.

Anastasin Monastery

Today not only our compatriots, but also many foreign guests are studying the Golden Ring of Russia. Kostroma always welcomes everyone who wishes to get acquainted with its history. Among the main attractions of Kostroma, Anastasin Monastery is usually shown.

Once it was three separate monasteries: the Cross Exaltation, the Epiphany Men's and the Anastasin's. The man (Bogoyavlensky) monastery was founded by the elder Nikita, who was a disciple of St. Sergius. In 1847, after a violent fire, it was abolished and handed over to the Cross Exaltation (female) monastery.

The Anastasin Monastery was established in the 15th century. Its founder was the first wife of Ivan the Terrible Anastasia Romanovna. In 1764 this monastery was also abolished, and the nuns were transferred to Krestovozdvizhensky. Today the city of Kostroma has a restored and functioning Anastasin monastery.

Suzdal

We present you Suzdal. The golden ring of Russia is hard to imagine without this original city. The Kremlin has existed since the tenth century. It is located on the Kamenka River. It is distinguished from other ancient cities preserved earthen moats and trees. In the Kremlin there are the Bishops' Chambers, the Nativity of the Virgin Cathedral, and the St. Nicholas Church.

Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin stands on the site of the temple, which was built in the days of Vladimir Monomakh. Its lower part, preserved from the XIII century, is decorated with fine carvings. The facades are decorated with various images. Many are attracted by their famous monasteries Suzdal. The Golden Ring of Russia, some tourists are beginning to learn from this ancient city.

In the XIV century, in Suzdal, a fortress was built to protect the enemy from enemies, which was later converted into the Spaso-Efimiev monastery. Around the same time, the Pokrovsky Monastery is being built , which in two centuries will become a place of exile for boyar wives and disgraced queens. In those days it was the largest in Russia.

The winner of the German crusaders, the famous Alexander Nevsky, founded the Alexander Monastery on the Kamenka River. Earlier here was built Rizopolozhensky monastery. Legendary and historical places in Suzdal are everywhere. For example, in Vasilyevsky monastery Suzdalians adopted Christianity.

Vladimir

In this city you should certainly visit everyone who studies the Golden Ring of Russia. Vladimir was the capital of North-Western Russia, which was the core of the future Russia.

The city has a huge number of very valuable monuments. For example, the Golden Gate is under the protection of UNESCO. They were built in the XII century, in the XVII-XVIII centuries. They were rebuilt. In the fortress there were seven entrance gates, but until our time only the main ones have been preserved. Initially, they were covered with gilded copper sheets. Very powerful, with perfectly proportioned proportions, with a small church at the top. They were the front entrance to the princely part of Vladimir.

It is not in vain that this city is included in the Golden Ring of Russia. Vladimir admires all his white-stone cathedrals. In the five-domed Uspensky cathedral are kept the frescoes of the work of Andrei Rublev and Daniil Chernoy, which were written in 1408. At the end of the XII century, Dmitrievsky built a one-domed cathedral, which is known for its exquisite carvings on the facades. These objects are also protected by UNESCO.

By the end of the 18th century, the churches of the Assumption of the Theotokos, St. Nikita, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and others appeared in the city. In Vladimir, the governor's house of the 17th century was preserved. Now here is the Center for Fine Arts.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

In ancient times on the river Trubezh was the city of Pereslavl. When the Russian pioneers began to explore the territories near the Volga River, another city with the same name appeared. But since he was built on an impassable land overgrown with dense forest, where Vyatich lived, he also received the second part of the name - Zalessky. The founder of the city is Yuri Dolgoruky.

In 1152, the city began to build the Cathedral of the Transfiguration (of stone). Finished construction Andrei Bogolyubsky - the son of the Grand Duke. Steep slopes of the Kremlin shafts have survived to the present day. And more than eight centuries behind them is a snow-white temple, one of the oldest architectural monuments of Ancient Rus. It admires all the guests of the city this building with its majesty and ideal silhouette.

This cathedral is dear to the believers of our country also because here Sergius of Radonezh was ordained hegumen. The temple survived the hard times of the Tatar and Lithuanian invasions, the troubles of the Time of Troubles.

Rostov the Great

Today, everyone can see with their own eyes the Golden Ring of Russia. Tours in this fascinating journey are sold by almost all travel companies in Russia. In our opinion, it is most convenient to go on such a trip from Moscow. Today, travelers are offered 53 bus tours around the cities of the Golden Ring. This is a great opportunity to spend a weekend in ancient places. You can go on a multi-day tour.

Well, we are going to Rostov the Great, which is located in the Yaroslavl region. In the "Tale of Bygone Years," one of the oldest Russian chronicles, there is a record about this city dating back to 862. It says that the city owned by Rurik.

Experts unite ancient cities in the central part of our country in the Golden Ring of Russia. Rostov the Great, in their opinion, is a "precious stone" in it. Many lovers of antiquity know the architectural monuments of this amazing city. First of all, it is, of course, the famous Rostov Kremlin with its Bishops' Chambers, a belfry that is famous for its thirteen domes of different weights. For more than three centuries, people have heard the sound of these bells.

The Rostov Kremlin

It is located in the heart of the city. The Kremlin was built in 1683 under Metropolitan Ion Sysoyevich and became his residence. At that time the era of such structures was already over. After the residence was transferred to Yaroslavl, the Kremlin lost its importance and decayed. In the XIX century, local merchants collected funds and restored the temples.

For all who are interested in the Golden Ring of Russia, Rostov with its extraordinary sights is especially important.

In the Rostov Kremlin there are many architectural monuments, but the most important of them is the Assumption Cathedral. It is very similar to the Moscow Cathedral of the Assumption. This monumental five-domed building. Its height (with a cross) is 60 m. It is made of bricks, and the basement is made of white stone. The building is distinguished by numerous decorative elements: arkaturno-columnar belts, horizontal rods, panels, etc. All this gives the appearance of the temple an unusual plastic expressiveness, stability and beauty in our days.

Ivanovo

Before the revolution of 1917, this city was called Ivanovo-Voznesensky. Weaving factories, which were built in the nineteenth century, still work here. The Ivanovo-Voznesensk weavers became famous for their revolutionary moods. Therefore, there are many monuments dedicated to this time.

Wonderfully represents Ivanovo the Golden Ring of Russia. The city has many buildings of old construction. In its historical center are the merchant houses of the XIX century. The big interest of tourists is caused by the Schudrovskaya tent, built in the 17th century, and also by the Holy Vvedensky Monastery, which dates back to the beginning of the 20th century.

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