The causes of the global problems of mankind

Confrontations of military, political and economic forces in different regions of the planet occur constantly. As soon as there comes a calm in the western hemisphere, the causes of global problems appear in some other part of the Earth. Sociologists, economists, political scientists and representatives of various cultural and scientific circles give explanations for these phenomena from the perspective of their vision, but the complexity of mankind is of a planetary scale, therefore one can not reduce everything to problems that exist in one region and a single period of time.

The notion of a global problem

When the world was too big for people, they still did not have enough space. So the inhabitants of the Earth are arranged that the peaceful coexistence of small nations, even in vast territories, can not last forever. There are always those to whom the land of the neighbor and his welfare do not give rest. Translation of the French word global sounds like "universal", that is, it concerns everyone. But problems of a global scale arose even before the appearance of not only this language, but also writing in general.

If we consider the history of the development of the human race, one of the reasons for the emergence of global problems is the selfishness of each individual person. It so happened that in the material world all individuals think only of themselves. This happens even when people are happy about the happiness and well-being of their children and loved ones. Often own survival and reception of material blessings is under construction on destruction of the near and extraction from it of riches.

This has been the case since the time of the Sumerian kingdom and ancient Egypt, and so it is in our days. In the history of people's development there were always wars and revolutions. The latter came from good intentions to take away the sources of wealth from the rich to give to the poor. Because of the thirst for gold, new territories or power in each historical epoch, their causes of the global problems of mankind were discovered. Sometimes they led to the emergence of great empires (Roman, Persian, British and others), which were formed by conquest of other nations. In some cases - to the destruction of entire civilizations, as it was with the Incas and Maya.

But the causes of the emergence of the global problems of our time have never been so acute on the planet as a whole, as in our days. This is due to the mutual integration of the economies of different countries and their dependence on each other.

The ecological situation on Earth

The causes of the emergence of global environmental problems are initially hidden not in the development of industrial production, which began only in the 17-18 centuries. They started much earlier. If we compare the relationship between a person and the environment at different stages of his development, then they can be divided into 3 stages:

• Worship of nature and its mighty powers. In the primitive communal and even in the slave system, there was a very close relationship between the world and man. People deified nature, brought her gifts, so that she could have mercy on them and give a high harvest, because they directly depended on her "whims."
• In the Middle Ages, the religious dogmas that man, although a sinful being, but still the crown of Creation, raised people above the world around them. Already in this period, the gradual subordination of the environment to mankind for good begins.
• The development of capitalist relations led to the fact that nature began to be used as an auxiliary material, which should "work" for people. Mass deforestation, subsequent pollution of air, rivers and lakes, the destruction of animals - all this led Earth civilization in the early 20th century to the first signs of unhealthy ecology.

Each historical era of the development of mankind became a new stage in the destruction of what surrounded it. The subsequent reasons for the emergence of global environmental problems are the development of the chemical, engineering, aircraft and rocket manufacturing industries, mass mining and electrification.

The most tragic for the ecology of the planet was 1990, when more than 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide produced by industrial enterprises of all the economically developed countries were thrown into the atmosphere. Although after this scientists and ecologists sounded the alarm, and urgent measures were taken to eliminate the consequences of the destruction of the ozone layer of the Earth, the causes of the global problems of mankind only began to really manifest themselves. Among them, one of the first places is the development of the economy in different countries.

Economic problems

For some reason, historically it always evolved so that civilizations appeared in different parts of the Earth, which developed unevenly. If at the stage of the primitive communal system everything is more or less similar: gathering, hunting, the first gross tools and transitions from one plentiful place to another, then the level of development of sedentary tribes varies during the Eneolithic period.

The appearance of metal implements of labor and hunting leads the countries in which they are produced to the first place. In a historical context, this is Europe. In this respect, nothing has changed, only in the 21st century ahead of the whole planet is not the owner of a bronze sword or a musket, but the countries where there are nuclear weapons or advanced technologies in various fields of science and technology (economically highly developed states). Therefore, even today, when scientists are asked: "Name two reasons for the emergence of global problems of our time," they point to a bad ecology and a large number of economically underdeveloped countries.

Especially the countries of the third world and highly civilized states are vigilant with such indicators:

Underdeveloped countries	Highly developed countries
High mortality rates, especially among children.	The average life expectancy is 78-86 years.
Lack of proper social protection for poor citizens.	Unemployment payments, preferential medical care.
Underdeveloped medicine, lack of medication and preventive measures.	A high level of medicine, the introduction in the minds of citizens of the importance of disease prevention, medical life insurance.
Lack of programs for the education of children and young people and the provision of jobs for young professionals.	A wide choice of school and higher educational institutions with the provision of free education, special grants and scholarships

Currently, many countries are economically dependent on each other. If another 200-300 years ago tea was grown in India and Ceylon, it was processed there, packed and transported to other countries by sea, and one or several companies could participate in this process, but today the raw materials are grown in one country, processed into another, But they are packed in the third. And this applies to all industries - from the manufacture of chocolate to the launch of space rockets. Therefore, often the reasons for the emergence of global problems lie in the fact that if an economic crisis has started in one country, it automatically spreads to all partner countries, and its consequences reach a planetary scale.

A good indicator in integrating the economies of different countries is that they unite not only in a period of prosperity, but also during times of economic crisis. They do not have to deal with its consequences alone, because richer countries support the economy of less developed partners.

Population growth

Another reason for the emergence of global problems of our time, scientists believe rapid population growth on the planet. In this issue, we can note two trends:

• In highly developed Western European countries, the birth rate is extremely low. Here, families with more than 2 children are rare. This gradually leads to the fact that the indigenous population of Europe is aging, and it is replaced by migrants from the countries of Africa and Asia, families of whom it is customary to have many children.
• On the other hand, in economically underdeveloped countries such as India, the countries of South and Central America, Africa and Asia, a very low standard of living, but high fertility. Lack of proper medical care, lack of food and clean water - all this leads to high mortality, so it is customary to have many children, so that a small part of them can survive.

If you follow the growth of the planet's population during the 20th century, you can see how strong the demographic "explosion" was in certain years.

In 1951, the population was just over 2.5 billion people. In just 10 years, the planet already had more than 3 billion, and by 1988 the population had crossed the 5 billion mark. In 1999 this figure reached 6 billion, and in 2012 there were already more than 7 billion people on the planet.

According to scientists, the main reasons for the emergence of global problems are that the resources of the Earth, with the illiterate exploitation of its bowels, as it is today, is not enough for an ever-growing population. Nowadays, 40 million people die of starvation each year, which does not reduce the size of the population, since its average increase for 2016 is more than 200,000 newborns a day.

Thus, the essence of global problems and the reasons for their emergence in the constant growth of the population, which according to scientists' estimates will exceed the 10 billion mark by 2100. All these people eat, breathe, enjoy the benefits of civilization, drive cars, fly by airplanes and destroy nature with their vital activity. If they do not change their attitude to the environment and to themselves, then in the future, the planet is expected to see global environmental disasters, massive pandemics and military conflicts.

Problems with food

If there is an abundance of products for highly developed countries, most of which lead to health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes and many others, the third world normally suffers from constant malnutrition or hunger among the population.

In general, all countries can be divided into 3 types:

• Those where there is a constant shortage of food and water. This is 1/5 of the world's population.
• Countries in which food is produced and grown, and there is a culture of nutrition.
• States that have programs to combat excessive consumption of foods in order to reduce the percentage of people suffering from the consequences of improper or abundant nutrition.

But historically and economically, historically and economically, in countries where the population is particularly in need of food and clean water, either the food industry is poorly developed or there are no favorable natural and climatic conditions for agriculture.

At the same time, there are resources on the planet so that no one will ever starve. Leading countries in food production can feed 8 billion more people than they live around the world, but today 1 billion people live in complete poverty, and 260 million children go hungry each year. When on the planet 1/5 of its population suffers from hunger, it means that this is a problem of a global scale, and the whole of humanity must solve it together.

Social inequality

The main reasons for the emergence of global problems - the contradictions between social classes, which manifests itself in such criteria as:

• Wealth, when all or nearly all of the natural and economic resources are in the hands of a small group of elected people, companies or a dictator.
• Power, which can belong to one person - the head of state or a small group of people.

Most of the third world countries have in their structure of the distribution of society a pyramid, at the top of which there is a small number of rich people, and below are the poor. With this distribution of power and finance in the state, people are divided into rich and poor, without a middle class.

If the structure of the state is a rhombus, at the top of which there are also those in power, below the poor, but the middle stratum is the biggest stratum between them, then there are no clearly expressed social and class contradictions. The political structure in such a country is more stable, the economy is highly developed, and the social protection of low-income population is carried out by state and charitable organizations.

To date, many countries in South and Central America, Africa and Asia have a pyramidal structure, in which 80-90% of the population lives below the poverty line. They have an unstable political situation, often there are military coups and revolutions, which introduces an imbalance in the world community, since other countries can be involved in their conflicts.

Political Confrontations

The main causes of the emergence of global problems, philosophy (science) determines how the separation of man and nature. Philosophers sincerely believe that it is enough for people to harmonize their inner world with the external environment, how problems will disappear. In fact, everything is somewhat more complicated.

In any state, political forces operate, the government of which determines not only the level and quality of life of its population, but also all foreign policy. For example, today there are aggressor countries that create military conflicts in the territories of other states. Their political system is opposed by the world community, which defends the rights of their victims.

Since in our time almost all countries are economically connected with each other, their unification against states that apply the policy of violence is just as natural. If 100 years ago the response to military aggression was an armed conflict, today economic and political sanctions are applied that do not take away human lives, but can completely destroy the economy of the aggressor country.

Military conflicts

The causes of the emergence of global problems are often the result of small military conflicts. Unfortunately, even in the 21st century, with all its technologies and achievements in the sciences, human consciousness remains at the level of thinking of representatives of the Middle Ages.

Although today witches are not burned at the stake, religious wars and acts of terrorism look no less wild than the Inquisition at the time. The only effective measure to prevent military conflicts on the planet should be the unification of all countries against the aggressor. The fear of being in economic, political and cultural isolation must be stronger than the desire to attack the territory of a neighboring state.

Global development of mankind

Sometimes the causes of the emergence of global problems in the world are manifested on the basis of ignorance and cultural backwardness of some peoples. Today, one can observe such contrasts, when people flourish in one country, they create and live for the benefit of the state and each other, and in the other they seek access to nuclear development. An example is the confrontation between South and North Korea. Fortunately, the number of countries in which people seek to be asserted through advances in science, medicine, technology, culture and the arts is greater.

You can see how the consciousness of humanity is changing, becoming a single organism. For example, scientists from different countries can work on the same project so that, by combining the efforts of the best minds, it is faster to implement it.

Ways to solve problems

If you list the reasons for the emergence of global problems of humanity briefly, it will be:

• bad ecology;
• Availability of economically underdeveloped countries;
• Military conflicts;
• Political and religious confrontations;
• Rapid population growth.

To solve these problems, countries should become even more interconnected with each other in order to unite their efforts to eliminate the consequences that arise on the planet.