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The adiabatic process

It is well known that the simplest, and therefore probably the most common phenomenon in nature, which manifests an energy exchange, is the heating of bodies during their friction. These processes surround us almost everywhere. Heat exchange is present during mechanical, chemical, electrical, biological and other dynamic changes. Heat exchange plays a huge role in the existence of organic life. Already their diversity of manifestations logically follows the conclusion that these phenomena can be both useful and harmful, depending on what task the researcher or inventor decides. That is, in some cases it is required to get rid of heat transfer in order to create the necessary conditions for the operation of some device, device or unit.

Solves these problems adiabatic process, which is a kind of thermodynamic process, in which there is no exchange of heat energy of the system in question with the external environment. The very name of this phenomenon in translation from the Greek language speaks about its nature - adiabatic or, as it is called, adiabatic means "impassable".

Even ancient scientists were interested in these phenomena, but a truly scientific study of their nature dates back to the 17th century, when the first theoretical statements based on experimental work were formulated. Among the first scientists who studied the adiabatic process, it should be called Guericke, Robert Boyle, Edmi Mariott. The latter two became the first theoreticians in this field, having formulated the well-known Boyle-Mariotte law. The first experimental work in this area was carried out over gases, so a significant part of the regularities that characterize the adiabatic process refer specifically to this physical medium. Later, the scope of research was significantly expanded, and to date, adiabatic phenomena are studied in a variety of environments, including at the level of nanotechnology.

The adiabatic process considered by us has the following nature and mechanism of its manifestation. If the usual thermodynamic phenomena are characterized by the presence of heat exchange, which is obtained as a result of various dynamic interactions with the surrounding space, in this case such an exchange does not occur.

There is a way to mathematically reflect the adiabatic process, a formula, which in this case will differ depending on the variety of the process itself.

The general formula that reflects this phenomenon is: A = -VU, where A is the work performed by the given physical system, VU is the magnitude of the change in its internal energy.

There are several types of adiabatic processes:

- adiabatic-isochoric is performed with a single action, as a result of which only the volume of the mixture (V) remains constant from the thermal indices. The work (A), as can be seen from the formula, in this case will be zero;

- adiabatic-isobaric is characterized by compression of the test gas mixture, that is, its volume decreases, and the work value becomes negative;

- adiabatically-isothermal has inverse properties with respect to the previous one and is characterized by an increase in volume (i.e., expansion of the body), while the value of the work becomes positive.

One can give examples of adiabatic processes that are realized in all kinds of natural phenomena, as well as in mechanisms and devices created by man. Thus, their presence is observed in the propagation of sound in a gas. And the very atmosphere of the Earth is an adiabatic macroprocess, during which a certain work is performed on the gases that make up it, increasing their potential energy. This theory is now extended to other astronomical objects.

The processes under consideration are present in all without exception thermal machines and mechanisms: locomotives, locomotives, internal combustion engines and others, where it is necessary to exclude the transfer of heat energy.

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