Sustainable development of the region. Development prospects. Social development

Currently, the global economy is going through a complex process - globalization. Its result has already become a huge transformation. They affected almost all branches of the national economies of most countries. At the same time, the passing changes are in many cases spontaneous, difficult to forecast in advance. This sometimes has a negative impact on entire sectors of the economy of a particular country, ultimately bringing irreparable losses. In this regard, scientists of many states were tasked with studying the internal processes of globalization, which directly depend on the development of each subject of the world market.

The process of globalization

The modern universal movement can not be accommodated within the framework of the previously existing theoretical schemes based on historical events that have already occurred. At the heart of the systems used before, lay the theory of unlimited time and space development of mankind. Globalization and its basic laws clearly demonstrated the erroneousness of this statement: the sustainable development and functioning of the world economy is limited by the finite resources and processes of human life. As a result, a new concept of global development has emerged, consisting of a multitude of strategies, with the restriction of conditions aimed at solving global problems. Combating poverty and achieving the general welfare of the world's population are among the most important tasks of globalization, which can only be achieved if the income of the population increases and the total labor productivity in each individual country increases. At the same time, in the process of achieving the set goals, a huge role is played by the total aggregate of all external and internal factors, such as the state of the environment and mutual relations in human society. Only with the proper interaction of people in society and society with the environment will it be possible to significantly increase the parameters of the overall development in quantitative and qualitative terms.

Russia in the modern economic system

With the collapse of the USSR and the transition to market relations, the Russian economy has experienced a tremendous shock, from which it has not completely recovered to the present day. To date, it faces the task of choosing a strategy for a long-term period, depending on which its further location in the world will be determined. It is very important to give a correct assessment of all the possibilities of the country and determine the starting position with which to start. At the same time, Russia's role and place are assessed from the point of view of the stability of its economy, which in turn should strive to minimize costs based on the irreplaceability of some natural resources and replacing them with renewable or less frequent ones. An important factor in this is the preservation of the environment in an unchanged state. In modern conditions, when in most industries production equipment has long been obsolete, a general change in the domestic economy is possible only with the introduction of innovative technologies. The use of new methods and schemes will improve the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the output. This will ultimately lead to an increase in the state's competitive ability. This condition is one of the principles that determine the sustainable development of Russia's regions in the process of global globalization. Therefore, all the changes that are taking place need constant careful study, on the basis of which further correction will be made. The social fund for the development of the regions has great significance in this matter. In addition to tasks to improve the economic activities of the territories, the activity of the association is aimed at maintaining the proper level of public protection of citizens. The Social Fund for the Development of the Regions places evenly the distribution of power and concern of the state on all the territories of the country among the issues of paramount importance.

Globalization in contemporary literature

Modern economic theory has devoted a lot of work to the problem of globalization . However, in the scientific world to date, there is no clear concept of globalization, each of the authors dealing with this subject, brings something of their own, investing their own understanding of this process. At the same time, most scientists identify several systems that are part of the process of globalization. These include, in particular, the financial sphere, the production system and the information technology market. Also, researchers recognize the influence exerted by the process of globalization on the world community as a whole. So, due to the computerization of society, the boundaries of financial markets are blurred, it becomes easier to move capital, the economic division of states becomes conditional.

The problems of globalization

In order to characterize the process of globalization more fully, it is necessary to study all the forms in which it is manifested. To this end, at the first stage, it is necessary to classify general problems, that is, to distribute specific problems to individual groups, from which in the future a complex system will develop-the regional development program. With this approach to classification, the problem of theoretical comprehension and finding solutions is simpler. At the same time, the division of problems into groups is not the ultimate goal. This is only one of the most important parts in an integrated approach to solving problems. This method allows you to identify the relevance of tasks, identify the main links, establish ways of interaction and identify global issues, the study of which should occur in the first place. In addition, classifying the problems and taking into account the mutual influence, the final sequence of practical actions is formed to solve the set tasks. Correctly carried out classification breaks the general problem into stages, as a result of which the studies of each stage become more detailed and correct. This is how the development factors in the region become more clearly visible.

Modern literature also does not provide an unambiguous recommendation for structuring the overall set of problems by groups. There are many different methods that describe this process. As a result, the assignment of any problem to a particular group is rather conditional. In this regard, this method of breaking up into groups is considered not as the only true one, but as one of the few, the results of which should be paid close attention. It helps to better understand the nature of the emergence of global problems and establish their internal relationships with each other. This need to break up the general into subgroups is primarily due to the limited human capabilities, due to which people are not able to immediately cope with the whole universal task.

Subjects of the economic system

The sustainable development of the region is primarily characterized by the interrelationship of production and capital. At the same time, the peculiarity of managing is the expansion of its influence on all new and new subjects every year. In this regard, there is a steady increase in trade relations between market actors in the sphere of commodity relations and services. The structure of the region's economy includes several aspects. Among them, in particular, are:

- strengthening of interaction between market entities, significantly outstripping the increase in production;

- creation of international corporations;

- the constant migration of capital from the economy of one subject to the economy of another with the conversion of currencies;

- redistribution of commodity and financial flows between market participants.

The single economic world system has a direct impact on the number of groups within one region, each of which has its own impact on world GDP. In the end, most of world trade is in the provision of services and the exchange of products (raw materials) between industries. A good example of this is the links between highly developed market players, which account for more than 60% of the world's total trade. At the same time, the population of these subjects is less than 20% of the total population of the Earth. A bright representative is the EU, in which up to 70% of the total turnover falls on trade between the members of the union.

Corporations and credit organizations

The main direction of the modern economy is the general globalization of capital. Under these conditions, each state participating in the world economic system has to work with transnational corporations, acting in most cases as equal partners. In this case, enterprises are able to exert a significant influence on the world economy as a whole. In this regard, national governments at the highest level are forced to enter into various economic agreements with them. In this situation, a powerful impetus to the development of the loan market . It became necessary to create special trading platforms where creditor banks located in one country and operating in the country's money can issue loans or deposits not in the national currency. At the same time such operations are no longer within the framework of national legislation. The following situation arises in the credit market: not restricted by national laws, such markets acquire competitive advantages due to unregulated interest rates. This ultimately led to a significant increase in the credit resources of the world economy and greatly simplified access to them by the end user. This, in turn, had a significant impact on social development.

Innovative development of the region

In our country, as it was already noted above, the main priority of improving economic activity is the introduction of new developments in all areas of population activity. However, this can not be achieved by direct indication from above. In this regard, one of the main roles in solving this problem is assigned to local authorities, which in turn must set the appropriate priorities in their immediate activities. At the first stage, the development strategy of the region includes the creation of favorable conditions in the territories under their control for the development of production and entrepreneurial activities, and the provision of comfortable conditions for investment. It is important to respond in a timely manner to the ongoing general changes. It is also necessary to regularly edit the assigned tasks aimed at sustainable development of the region, ways and methods for achieving them. Not the least role in the process is played by natural features of the territory. They are taken into account by researchers evaluating the prospects for Russia's development. For better use of the potential of the territory, the state is involved in the process, legislative acts are established on the state level. Participation in this case is carried out by attracting own capital and human resources in the most interesting projects from the economic point of view. When considering the development prospects of Russia, it is important to find ways to support science-intensive and high-tech production. The solution of these issues is considered one of the most important in the modern world. Only thanks to an integrated approach to governance by the state and local authorities is possible a qualitative and competitive economic development of Russia. At the same time, it is necessary to introduce new advanced approaches both to the already functioning industries and to new ones that are introduced on the territory of the entity. In most cases, the competitiveness and sustainable development of the region depends on the ability to quickly introduce modern technologies.

Association of market participants within the entity

The ability to unite and command the work of all organizations and enterprises located in the region becomes the first role in achieving a technological leap in each individual market entity. Only in the case of joining all the branches of production into a single technological process is it possible to create a quality competitive product. Together with this, such an association must be legally recognized by the regional (state) authorities. One of the types of this recognition is the regional development fund, approved at the state level. It includes the interests of all participants: authorities, financial organizations, industrial enterprises and other participants in the subject's market. In this case, the efficiency of the final production will directly depend on the competitiveness of products on the high-tech trading platform, which will be not individual enterprises, but whole scientific complexes and associations. To develop and introduce new products, in such a case, all conditions will be created: financial security and production base, which ultimately leads to strengthening the positions of a separate territory and will improve the economic development of Russia as a whole. The members of the association are linked by various types of contracts. They take on a number of obligations, jointly coordinate their actions in the financial sphere, in the field of investment marketing and a number of other spheres of management. The social development of the region does not remain without attention. Participation in this union is voluntary, the main task of each participant is to obtain maximum profit. The creation and functioning of such associations within the business entity allows the region to pass painlessly to a model that presupposes a sustainable development of the region, based on innovations introduced into various types of processes.

Market competition

Competition is one of the key concepts in describing market relations. Only in conditions of free trade competition can the system develop painlessly. Competition is a universal tool in determining the number of market participants, the volume of supply and the prices for them. The main goal of any enterprise is to obtain maximum profit. To do this, in an open competition, each individual manufacturer needs to outperform its rivals in some ways. In this case, "competition" is a key element of the market mechanism, it provides the most beneficial interaction in the producer-consumer sphere, as well as in the process of using trade capital. In competitive production, every entrepreneur cares not only about reducing costs, but also about expanding and improving the quality of output. All this is aimed at improving the characteristics of the product, reducing its price, and therefore gaining advantages among other manufacturers. In this case, competition appears as a motivating element in economic progress. As a result, new technologies are introduced, the range of goods and services is expanded, the price is reduced and quality is increased.

Functions of competition

The main functions of competition are:

- the orientation of each producer to the needs of the final consumer (in the case when the enterprise becomes uncompetitive, its products do not find the final buyer and the activity for the production of goods stops);

- natural selection among manufacturers (while an enterprise with more expensive or poor-quality products leaves the market);

- impact on production and growth of its effectiveness;

- Influence on redistribution of initial resources;

- regulation of the price level in the market of goods and services.

Not the least role in the competitive struggle in each industry is played by the time for which the process of establishing production is taking place. Conditionally it can be divided into four stages:

1. Entering new products. At this stage, there are small volumes of goods sold, a relatively high price compared to analogues (if any).

2. Stage of growth. There is an increase in production volumes, due to increased demand, while a high level of prices remain.

3. Stage of maturity. The volume of production reaches its peak, later there comes a fall in demand due to an overabundance of goods in the market, as a result of competition, prices are falling.

4. The stage of moral obsolescence. Demand for products reaches its minimum, production volumes decrease, the level of competition tends to zero, more functional analogues appear on the market, most of the production is withdrawn from production.