Suffixes of Actual and Passive Communion: Table and Examples

In the course of studying morphology schoolchildren undergo the theme "Suffixes of Actual and Passive Communion." In detail and features of this group, let us examine in more detail.

Participle

What is this interesting phenomenon? Until now, the disputes of linguists have not abated. Opinions were divided: some consider communion an independent part of speech, because it has a number of its own characteristics. Others are sure that this is just a verbal form. If you look at the history of its occurrence, you can learn that it was formed from the verb. True, it looks more like an adjective. And he borrowed some of the functions from him: both of them answer one question (which?), And the syntactic role is the same for them (definition). Therefore, scientists argue and can not come to a single decision.

Various educational and methodological complexes, by which the Russian language is taught in school, also approach this situation differently. For example, M. M. Razumovskaya attributed the participle to the verbal form, and VV Babaitsev - to an independent part of speech. But in this and other textbooks it is said that it is still not clear to which category it should be attributed.

Valid

Before considering the suffixes of real and passive participles, it is necessary to know that this part of speech is divided into two large groups by value. The first is called valid. Such a name they received due to their purpose: to call the signs of such objects, which themselves carry out the action.

Let's consider an example: "The wind blowing from the sea, raged."

As we can see, the wind blew on its own from the sea, without resorting to anyone's help and without being subjected to any influence. It is precisely such forms that are called valid.

Another example: "The dog guarding the house was a large breed."

The object in this sentence protects the house, that is, it performs the action independently. Thus, the participle "guarded" refers to the category of real.

Suffering

The next group, having a somewhat different purpose, is the discharge of passive participles. They are so named, because they do not perform the action, but are exposed to it.

Let's take an example: "Parents who were summoned to school by a teacher were worried."

In this sentence we see the participle "caused". It was formed from the verb "cause." Make sure that the parents did not make the decision to come to school, but at the request of the teacher. We see that the action is not performed by them, it is done over them. That is why they refer this participle to the passive. That is, parents seem to "suffer", experiencing someone's influence.

Suffixes of real and passive participles present

Now that we have figured out the intricacies of this morphological group, we can go on to the main topic. Each of the categories will have its own peculiarities of word formation.

The suffixes of the actual and passive participles will differ depending on the time. So, in the present tense, the following are distinguished: -you and -yas, as well as -as and -is. Example: rebellious, singing, holding, speaking. As you can see, they all refer to the real. In the passive, they are different: -oh, -em, -em. Example: drawn, persecuted, condemned.

In a true participle present, all suffixes have spelling features.

If we do not know the rules, many questions arise. For example, how to write: struggling or struggling? The verb from which this word is formed will help us in this - to fight. We define its conjugation. Since its stem ends with -at, then this is 1 conjugation. Now we need to use the following rule: if the word refers to 1 conjugation, write -your or -Yes. If to the second - that - else or-yashch. Thus, we found out that in the word "wrestling" it is necessary to write-more. The main thing is to know how to determine the conjugation of verbs.

It is better to remember the suffixes of the real and passive participles in the table. And besides, you can always turn to it, if suddenly the rule flies out of your head.

Suffixes of past and present passive participles

Now, having considered the peculiarities of the formation of this part of speech in the present tense, we can proceed to the next stage. It is worth remembering that the sacrament can not be used in the future, so we will continue to talk about the past. This sign they borrowed from the verb.

In the past tense, the real participles are distinguished by the suffixes -w and -w. For example: melted, germinated.

In the passive, there are more of them: -nn, -enne, -t. For example: sown, attached, pinned.

Again, we will be helped to recall the suffixes of the actual and passive participles table.

With the first rank, everything is clear, no difficulties arise, but with the passive it is more difficult. In some words, it is not always clear what suffix should be distinguished: -nn or -en. Consider the word "offended" It would seem that by selecting the suffix -en, we will not make a mistake. But this is not so. According to the rule, if the verb that formed the sacrament ends in -at, -yat, -et, then we select the suffix -nn.

In this example, the basis of the verb "to offend" ends in -et, so we define in the participle the suffix -nn.

Let's take another example: "dressed up". And again we remember the rule: if the verb ends in -it, -that or -h, then in this case we will use only the suffix -en.

Also we will act in the words "baked" (bake), "brought" (to bring), "asked" (ask).

Tasks

In the lessons of the Russian language, the teacher pays special attention to how and when the suffixes of real and passive participles are used. Exercises on this topic will help you to fully understand it.

First it is necessary to give a list of verbs and ask the children to determine their conjugation. Then it is necessary to give the task to form from them participles of different ranks and times.

For example:

• To prick (1 c.) - stabbing (active, current time), crooked (active, past HH);
• To speak (2 c.) - speaking (active, present), speaking (operative, past HH);
• Shave (1 cont., Exc.) - shaving (active, current time), shaved (active, past), shaved (suffering, past tid.);
• To offend (2 acres, excl.) - offended (suffering., Current time), resentful (suffering., Past time).

Next, students can be invited to compose a text using participles, while determining their rank and time.