Urticaria in a child: treatment, lifestyle, causes

What is urticaria, many know. This appearance on the skin in response to some irritants of red or pink skin pruritus above the skin (they are called blisters), resembling a burn from the impact of nettles (hence the name). Such blisters usually have a clear boundary, are prone to fusion between themselves, have a lighter center, sometimes a pronounced red rim. In some cases, the spot itself is surrounded by a thin strip of skin, which has a lighter color than the unaffected cover.

Another characteristic feature of urticaria is that the blisters migrate (today in the arms, tomorrow - on the back), after them there is clean skin, which you will never say that there were hives in this place.

From what arises?

The main cause is allergic. The skin rash described above may result from:

- the introduction of drugs;

- the use of a product for food;

- an insect bite;

- contact with animals;

- exposure to the skin of household chemicals, cosmetics or other substances;

- flowering of some plants.

There are also more rare types of urticaria:

• Arising in response to cold exposure;
• solar;
• Which appeared due to mechanical skin irritation (dermographic urticaria);
• Vibration;
• A disease that arose in response to the pressure applied to the skin;
• Cholinergic urticaria - spots appear after contact with hot water (shower, baths, saunas) or physical effort;
• Adrenergic - the rash appeared after stress;
• In response to contact with water - the aquatic form.

Depending on its type, urticaria in a child is treated differently, so before consulting "on the Internet", consult an immunologist-allergist.

How to treat hives caused by an allergic cause?

A. Urticaria can be caused by the use of an allergen in food: that is, at the time of the appearance of spots there was no contact of the skin with a new means of household chemicals, the child does not take medication or this method was not the second or third in a row, nothing particularly blooms, no one Biting, but was eating some new product. If there is such a urticaria in a child, treatment requires:

1. Stop giving this product.
2. Rinse the stomach and put an enema (preferably with a sorbent such as "Polysorba", "White Coal" or "Smekty"). An important feature: the water should be cool, the temperature is below room temperature, since an enema with warm water is dangerous.
3. To give an antihistamine: "Suprastin", "Diazolin", "Tavegil", "Fenistil", "Erius".
4. For 2-3 weeks before the complete disappearance of the elements of the rash, observe a hypoallergenic diet.
5. In the acute period (until all new blisters appear), especially with a large area affected or active podsypanii recommended to give 2-3 types of short-acting antihistamines: for example, in the morning - Fenistil, in the afternoon - Diazolin, in the evening - Tavegil or Suprastin in the age-related dosage. In addition, three to four times a day a child should be given a "Polysorb" or "White Coal".

B. If there was an insect bite at the beginning, then the urticaria developed in the child, treatment (if the bite was not in the head and neck area - then at least one-day hospitalization is mandatory) is to administer antihistamines (two to three, as indicated above) Preparations of calcium, sodium thiosulfate.

Q. If hives appear in response to flowering plants, it is necessary to treat it with antihistamine. In this case, it is recommended that one long-acting agent ("Erius", "Zodak", "Cetrin") be taken together with a "short" drug ("Fenistil", "Diazolin") followed by a drug of the same series, Delayed effect and should be taken more than a month - Ketotifen. Compliance with diet is mandatory.

D. If the diagnosis is "cholinergic urticaria," treatment involves long-term use of contrasting showers (to "accustom" the vessels of the skin to the effect of different temperatures). From the drugs are appointed: "Ketotifen" (it strengthens the shells of cells that produce histamine - the trigger factor of allergy) and "Dentokind" (it contains trace amounts of belladonna, which is shown in this case) for long-term use. It is recommended to observe a non-strict hypoallergenic diet.

If acute urticaria in a child is diagnosed, treatment should be performed in a hospital. Especially if:

- the rash spreads to the neck or face - there is a danger of suffocation;

- the child is small;

- the disease is accompanied not just by a rash, but also by fever, abdominal pain;

- for a day under condition of taking antihistamines, sorbents, the lesion area not only did not decrease, but also increased;

- In addition to urticaria there was a dry cough, rales in exhalation (there is a danger of suffocation).