Spawning of fish. When does a fish spawn? Fishing in spawning: fines

Reproduction of the vast majority of underwater inhabitants of reservoirs occurs by laying eggs. After the females produce its release, the time of the males comes, which begin to fertilize it. So fish spawning takes place - the process is amazing and extremely interesting.

General information

As a rule, underwater inhabitants are able to multiply already from one-year-old age. In general, the spawning of a fish of a specific species is highly dependent on the geographic location of the reservoir. It is known for sure that those species that live in the southern regions begin to multiply somewhat earlier than their counterparts from the northern regions.

The fish have many biorhythms that determine their vital functions. Spawning is one of the most important of them. And each type of fish has its own - special. And fish spawning occurs at a combination of several circumstances - light and temperature, oxygen and food, and also hydrological factors. If one of them is currently absent, then the fish either does not go to spawn at all or swims to the place of spawn laying, and then unfolds, and in the strictest sense of the word, and the caviar dissolves. Resorption - this process is called scientifically.

In addition, it has been proved that even in one species of fish in different water bodies the spawning time differs, but this is due to the time difference of the combination of all the obligatory factors.

Reproduction

On the average, mature underwater inhabitants of reservoirs reproduce annually. But, unfortunately, commercial fishing and other negative impacts of human activities have caused most species to spawn one or two, maximum three times in their entire life.

Passes the laying of eggs at different times: it depends on the fish itself and on the temperature of the water. And the latter circumstance plays a fundamental role in when the period of spawning begins. The reason is that the timing of the ripening of the roe directly depends on this.

Moreover, and it is surprising, the reproduction of some fish, for example pike, burbot, etc., occurs in fairly cold water. However, this in no way will prevent the normal development of caviar. It is almost impossible to determine the gender of a representative of a particular species by sight. But when spawning begins, many of the fish, and especially the carnivores, begin to develop sexual secondary symptoms. For example, some males change their color, they have a more aggressive form of the head, on which sometimes, like on the body, grow horny growths.
As a rule, both males and females are present in the same flock within the same flock. But over time, this proportion varies greatly: in almost five years the balance has completely changed. Within the fish of the same age, females become almost twice as large.

Cowl laying

About how and when spawning begins in each species, the fisherman must know necessarily. This will affect not only the percentage of successful catch, but also help him avoid fines. After all, as is known, it is forbidden to catch during this period.

Usually spawning occurs after a long zhora. This is the golden time for a fisherman, when production begins to actively peck, and equally well on various attachments, and on bait. In many species, pre-spawning zhor is particularly popular food of animal origin, which allows receiving much more useful for the life and forthcoming reproduction of substances.

This period lasts long before spawning, to the great regret for fishermen, not for long: from seven to fourteen days. In this case predators live a little longer than other species of fish. For example, in Cyprinidae spawning takes place so quickly that one can simply not notice it.

Long way

Before going to spawn, the fish begin to stray into flocks. Then their way goes to the headwaters of the rivers. Some species swim in small rivers or streams, while others choose just small and well-warmed places, where they lay their eggs. During this period, it is very important that the water level is maintained, and especially in the reservoirs in which spawning also takes place on small plots. And because a sharp change in depth can cause the death of eggs, thus causing an irreparable loss of fish resources. During the whole way to spawn, the fish feed intensively, preparing for their forced "post". For this reason, they swim for a long time and slowly: sometimes the course to the breeding site in some species takes several days.

The process of development of eggs

Having sailed to the right place, the females produce a roe laying. And males simply emit seminal fluid into the water. Then the process starts "on chance".

After a while small creatures begin to hatch from the eggs, very remotely resembling fish. For a few days they literally freeze, as if gradually recovering, and after that they start actively feeding on various microorganisms. As a rule, this process takes about a month. Throughout this period, the body of the larvae gradually becomes covered with scales, and full flippers appear. And after only a week or so, four tadpoles hatched from eggs are sure to be called fry.

Time of spawning

The most important aspect for fishers during spawning is temporary. This is due to the fact that different species have different periods of laying eggs. Fish in our reservoirs are divided into spring-summer by spawning - it is catfish and vobla, bream and pike, pike perch with sturgeon, beluga, grayling, etc., which spawn from March to August. The second group is the one that reproduces in autumn or winter. Among them are whitefish, salmon, white fish and burbot, which lay eggs from September to January. But both have one thing in common: the escape from the eggs of the larvae is necessarily due to spring-summer time, when the forage plankton develops intensively, periphyton and benthos are the starting feed for juveniles.

Difference in reproduction in different species of fish, not only in the time of the year, but also in varying degrees of development of the sexual product. Some underwater inhabitants sweep their eggs at once, as they come to the river: they are spring races. Others remain there for a sufficiently long period - almost a year, fattening, and only then spawn: these are winter species.

When a fish spawns

Burbot, for example, lays eggs from January to mid-February. Then, for seven or fifteen days, he does not eat at all, as if restoring his strength, but then he throws himself on almost any small fish that comes in the way. Pike in the southern regions spawn at the end of February, while in the north - in early March. Sudak lays eggs immediately after this toothy predator. Usually the time of spawning is at the time of ice breaking, when the water warms up to ten degrees of heat. As a rule, in the southern reservoirs this is April, and in the northern - May. By the time its reproduction is quite stretched, and in some regions, and especially in southern regions, pike perch spawns in March, and in the reservoirs in the north - only after the fall of water, occurring in late April or early May.

Approximately in the same period lays eggs and chub. True, he shows his pre-spawning activity much earlier, so fishing for this fish is successful even at the very end of February.

Reproduction of bream in southern regions begins in early March, and from the end of January this fish begins to fat. And after a month, he, already full of energy for laying eggs, is in full swing. And in the first place, only large individuals begin to be discarded, and only then a small thing. At the same time, the average temperature in the pond must be at least ten degrees. Another popular in our fisheries prey - roach - goes to spawn under the same conditions. And for it important are the weather conditions. In early spring, the roach lays eggs only in the early days of April, and with prolonged winter - not earlier than March. As a rule, the geographical position of a particular water body plays an important role in this.

The catfish goes to spawn quite late: its spawning in time practically coincides with the breeding of carp or carp. At the same time, the water temperature should be at least fourteen degrees. Usually this happens only in the middle or in the end of May, therefore this mustachioed underwater inhabitant spawns one of the most recent of all the fish brotherhood living in Russian reservoirs.

Crucian

This fish is most often found in our lakes and rivers. It is included in the most numerous family of carp, living in any geographical areas of the former CIS. Carp can be caught in every, even the most unpredictable pond, beginning with dammed up swamps and quarries and ending with large rivers or lakes. Spawning carp takes place in the period falling on the last days of April, and lasts until the end of spring. Terms depend primarily on the temperature conditions in the area: for example, with prolonged and cold spring, the laying of eggs can be delayed up to half of the first June. By this time, when the main fish species are already going to post-molluscum zhor, carp and crucian carp can not be caught. At the same time, the tench goes with them on reproduction.

Spawning of carp begins only when the water in the reservoirs reaches fifteen or sixteen degrees. This suggests that the spawning of this fish is stretched in time: first discarding individuals living in small ponds and lakes, and then comes the turn of the inhabitants of large rivers, where the water is noticeably colder.

Perch

The sexual maturity of female members of this family reach only in the third or fourth year of life, while males - sometimes at the age of two and at a length of about ten centimeters.

In the central part of Russia, the perch spawning begins when the water decreases. This is due to the fact that the water temperature should reach the desired value. The time for laying eggs depends directly on the region of the fish's habitat. For example, in the first ten days of April, a perch spawns in the reservoirs of the chernozem strip, in the second - in the Moscow region, in the middle of May - in the Ural reservoirs, etc. Spawning perch can be quite stretchy in time. Sometimes this fish can start to spawn in the southern regions even in March.

You can not fish for spawning

Penalties for violating the ban on fishing sometimes are quite large. Many experienced hunters know that there is a spring restriction on fishing, as many species spawn during this period. However, the catch is that the timing of the laying of eggs in each region is different. They are regulated by the Fisheries Rules in each separate fishery.

During this period, it is strictly prohibited to go boating, including without a motor, to approach closer than two hundred meters by road to the shoreline, etc. But the most important limitation is spawning. During the whole period of reproduction of fish, any amateur fishing is prohibited. However, not everything is so straightforward. For those who can not live without fishing for a day, it is allowed to fish from the shore outside the spawning areas, and to a specifically installed tackle with a clear number of hooks.

Punishment

During spawning, a person catching even amateur gear can be considered a poacher. As a result, he faces a fine. Fishing in spawn is dangerous for fish in that it is not able during this period to fight with those who plan to catch it both on hooks and on the net. As a result, this can lead to problems associated with the population, which is often not completely restored.

If a person who went to a pond during the spawning period does not pay a fine, then he faces a penalty - up to fifteen days of administrative arrest. To many, such a measure may seem unnecessarily strict, but in our country many species of fish are under threat of extinction, and the number of those who carelessly take penalties and do not want to part with money is quite a lot. On average, fines have grown to ten times and reach up to three hundred thousand rubles. Inspectors of fish protection specify infringements. So, fishing in the days of the ban on pike, carp or carp may cost two hundred and fifty rubles for each fish caught.