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Semenovskaya Matryoshka: history of creation, description and painting. Semenovsk masters painted 1600 nested dolls

Semenovskaya Matryoshka - after hearing the name of this work of art, everyone remembers the homeland of the Khokhloma painting, craftsmen, craftsmen, wood carvers. At first matryoshka was not the first business of masters, but forever took root in the folk crafts of the city of Semenov, Nizhny Novgorod region. The toy is distinguished by its beauty and unique color.

Semenovskaya Matryoshka is one of the unique and most recognizable symbols of Russia. This souvenir appeared at the end of the XIX century, when in the history of the country many things changed radically, changing the culture of the Russian people. At this time, the era of the "Slavic style" is flourishing. More and more interesting are the new fine arts, and at the same time the old crafts are reviving.

What is a nesting doll?

If you try to define this toy, then it is something like this: a nesting doll is a Russian wooden doll, inside of which there are similar dolls, matryoshkas of the same size, different from each other in size and painting.

The first such wooden toy was presented to the people in the form of eight alternations of girls - boys, who in their hands held black cocks and small chickens, and the last, the smallest, was made in the form of a swaddled baby. All eight pupae were painted with bright colored paints using folk motifs. Cut this first matryoshka master-toy VP. Zvezdochkin, and painted by artist S.V. Malyutin.

History of creation

Creating works of art in the "folk style", famous artists, cabinetmakers, and often hired craftsmen took for the model toys of other peoples. There is a fashion for everything Japanese, because the eastern examples of art at the time are the most interesting. Then the mother of Russian nesting doll was brought to our land.

From the Japanese city of Honshu was brought the figure of a Buddhist sage - Fukuruma, inside which were invested several of the same, only a smaller size. The most interesting thing is that the first work of art was carved out by a Russian monk miraculously caught on the islands of Japan.

According to historians, Semenovskaya matryoshka, whose history begins in the 19th century, was created in the image of Fukurum, it was his figure that became the model for the Russian toy.

Symbolism

Semenovskaya matryoshka is a symbol of motherhood, a strong and healthy woman. A doll carrying the whole family is also a symbol of fertility.

The woman is the parent, the keeper of the hearth. Mothers had to work a lot, look after the children, take care of their food, they needed strong hands and health, that's why the seed matryoshka looks so well-nourished and blooming.

Nested dolls symbolize a strong family, mutual assistance and spiritual intimacy.

Where did the name "matryoshka"

Explain the name of a Russian toy by analyzing all the facts listed below. Matryoshka, Matryona, Matresha - the root of the word is of Latin origin. Mater in Latin literally translates as "mother", it is interesting that the other words have no word.

Matryoshka is a derivative of the names Masha, Manya, Maria. This is a widely used name among the Slavs at all times.

Matryoshka is the name of the Buddhist goddess Matri.

Forever in history

At the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900, the Russian matryoshka won universal recognition, after which its manufacture went uphill, as demand grew several times. So in Semenov - the city of wooden products - new souvenirs began to be made. Semenovskaya matryoshka, the history of which was just beginning, became the most popular, as local craftsmen easily adopted the experience of making wooden toys, perfected the technology, used bright colors for painting.

Initially, the masters were milled, and then painted dolls at home, then in workshops, later began to work in factories, carrying out large orders.

Semenov was called the "capital of spoonbills" of Russia, and nesting dolls were not in the first place in the production of wooden products. They were made from waste from the spoons made. With the passage of time, having acquired the experience of making Russian nesting dolls from local masters, local craftsmen brought their characteristic features to the drawing of the Matryoshka doll. The image of a bright toy becomes recognizable, gaining popularity not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Birth of a toy

The first Semenovskaya matryoshka was born, the story of which is told in the article, in Semenov district in the village of the Old Believers - Merinovo, Nizhny Novgorod region. Many residents of Merino earned then the sale of wooden utensils, detachable caskets of various forms, made for the trade of outlandish lathe toys, and then matryoshkas.

Already in 1929, matryoshka dolls were produced in strict Semyonov style - with a special painting, with a certain form, in the Zavolzhsky style of wooden art. The first toy masters who created these dolls were the Vagins, the oldest Merino craftsmen. Their first dolls were made on the model of the same toys from Nizhny Novgorod - bearded old men and mustached muzhiks.

Another Merinovsky master - a toy toy Mayorov, brought home the same doll from Nizhny Novgorod, only it was a pacifier, both inside and outside. The eldest daughter of the master painted the doll in her own way, dressing her in a Russian sarafan with bright red flowers on an apron, "putting on" a bright kokoshnik on her head. So there appeared the painted Matryoshka dolls, well, and along with the Merinovo painting there appeared a special form of this toy. So the phenomenon of the Matryoshka doll was born.

Together with them in Semenov, a large number of other wooden amusements were milled. Painted by their artists all in the same style Khokhloma painting. Drawings on the surface of wooden products were initially simple, but over time the ornament was saturated with bright colors, more complex elements, and added more floral patterns. Semenovskaya wooden matryoshka became very picturesque and colorful.

How to make nesting dolls

Matryoshka is hollow inside the doll. This already makes us think about the great skill of the craftsmen who make it. Matryoshka is very difficult, requires great skill and patience. Not every type of wood is suitable for manufacturing, so the master is very serious about choosing wood. Often used such breeds as birch, linden, aspen, sometimes it is alder. The tree is cut down in late winter or early spring. Select the barrel is straight, without knots, which is then sawn into several logs, after which they remove the bark, and so that the tree does not crack, when it dries, the edges are smeared with clay. After storing the wood in a well-ventilated room, it is dried for a long time, but not overdried. "The tree is ringing - this is what you need!" - says the master, and even checks it for a smell. Accurate and skillful movements, he pulls out the desired form of the product, the very first matryoshka makes the smallest. The finished sculpted figure is ground, primed and polished. Only after that start painting the surface using gouache, watercolor, acrylic or oil paints.

Wonderful beauty painting

The painting of Semenov nesting dolls is made in the famous Semyonov Khokhloma style, painting elements and motifs of Ancient Rus are used. It is the external, decorative elements that play an important role in making a souvenir.

The first dolls were made for peasant children, so they painted with simple patterns. With the help of a sharpened goose feather, the artists applied the contours of the face and clothes, then all the elements were painted with aniline paints of bright shades of scarlet, crimson, blue, green and lilac flowers. The basis of the Semenovskaya matreshka painting is large bright flowers, crowned with ripples, circles, bows, small flowers. Over the painted matryoshka, a layer of wax was applied, later a varnish was used.

This concerns the traditional Semenov dolls, whereas in time, souvenir dolls started to appear in the fashionable "Russian style", the silhouettes of which are filled with historical figures (Taras Bulba, Napoleon, Kutuzov). Often, well-known personalities, families of kings (The Family of Romanovs), boyars, writers (Gogol, Pushkin, Krylov) and the heroes of their stories and stories (Repka, Kolobok) became the face of the doll.

Folklore heritage of the country

For many semenovtsev matryoshchnoe art became a hereditary business. Semenovsky workshops, toy-backs and artels united in one factory. In 1954, there was a joint artel "Toy", which in 1960 was reorganized as a factory. From this moment the production of multi-matry dolls is being made, dolls of 18, 25 matryoshkas are made. Multiple-size matryoshkas were made for the most famous events and big dates.

Semenovsk masters painted 1600 nested dolls

To this day there is a unique painting of Semenovskaya nesting dolls. Original souvenirs of the factory "Semenovskaya painting" surprise with its assortment. Recently Semenovskie masters painted 1600 matryoshkas, but they do not stop there. As a souvenir this toy has always been and will be an excellent gift both on the territory of our country and abroad. This shows the international popularity of Russian nested dolls.

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