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Residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system: causes and consequences

CNS is the main regulator of the whole organism. After all, in the cortical structures of the brain there are departments responsible for the functioning of each system. Thanks to the CNS, the normal operation of all internal organs is provided, regulation of hormone release, psycho-emotional balance. Under the influence of adverse factors, organic damage to the structure of the brain occurs. Often pathologies develop in the first year of a child's life, but can be diagnosed in the adult population. Despite the fact that the central nervous system is directly connected with the organs due to nervous processes (axons), the damage to the cortex is dangerous because of the development of severe consequences even in the normal state of all functional systems. To treat brain diseases you need to start as soon as possible, in most cases it is carried out for a long time - for several months or years.

Description of the residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system

As is known, the CNS is a well-coordinated system in which each of the links performs an important function. Because of this, the defeat of even a small part of the brain can lead to a disruption in the functioning of the body. In recent years, damage to the nervous tissue is increasingly observed in patients of childhood. To a greater extent, this applies only to babies born. In such situations, a diagnosis is made of "residual-organic CNS lesion in children". What is this and whether the given disease is treatable? The answers to these questions are of concern to every parent. It should be borne in mind that such a diagnosis is a collective concept, which can include many different pathologies. Selection of therapeutic measures and their effectiveness depend on the prevalence of damage and the general condition of the patient. Sometimes the residual-organic CNS lesion occurs in adults. Often, the pathology occurs due to the transferred injuries, inflammatory diseases, intoxication. The term "residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system" implies any residual phenomena after damage to nerve structures. The prognosis, as well as the consequences for such pathology, depend on how much the brain function is violated. In addition, great importance is attached to the topical diagnosis and identification of the site of damage. After all, each of the brain structures must perform certain functions.

The causes of residual organic damage to the brain in children

Residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system in children is diagnosed quite often. Causes of nervous disorders can occur both after the birth of a child, and during pregnancy. In some cases, the CNS is damaged due to complications of the birth act. The main mechanisms of development of residual-organic lesions are trauma and hypoxia. Allocate a lot of factors provoking a violation of the nervous system in the child. Among them:

  1. Genetic predisposition. If the parents have any psychoemotional abnormalities, the risk of their development in the baby rises. Examples can be such pathologies as schizophrenia, neuroses, epilepsy.
  2. Chromosomal abnormalities. The cause of their occurrence is unknown. Improper construction of DNA is associated with unfavorable environmental factors, stress. Because of chromosomal abnormalities, pathologies such as Down's disease, Shershevsky-Turner syndrome, Patau, etc., appear.
  3. The impact of physical and chemical factors on the fetus. This refers to an unfavorable ecological situation, ionizing radiation, the use of narcotic drugs and medicines.
  4. Infectious and inflammatory diseases in the period of embryonic nerve tissue laying.
  5. Toxicosis of pregnancy. Particularly dangerous for the fetus are late gestosis (pre- and eclampsia).
  6. Violation of the placental circulation, iron deficiency anemia. These conditions lead to fetal ischemia.
  7. Complicated labor (weakness of uterine contractions, narrow pelvis, placental abruption).

Residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system in children can develop not only in the perinatal period, but also after it. The most common cause is head trauma at an early age. Also, the risk factors include taking drugs that have a teratogenic effect, and drugs during the period of breastfeeding.

The occurrence of residual organic damage to the brain in adults

In the adult age, signs of residual organic lesions are observed less frequently, nevertheless in some patients they are present. Often the cause of such episodes are injuries sustained in early childhood. At the same time, neuropsychic abnormalities are remote consequences. Residual-organic lesion of the brain occurs for the following reasons:

  1. Post-traumatic illness. Regardless of when the CNS is damaged, residual (residual) symptoms remain. Often, they include headache, convulsive syndrome, mental disorders.
  2. Condition after surgery. Especially this applies to brain tumors that are removed with the capture of nearby nervous tissue.
  3. Reception of narcotic drugs. Depending on the type of substance, the symptoms of residual organic damage may differ. More often serious violations are observed with long-term use of opiates, cannabinoids, synthetic drugs.
  4. Chronic alcoholism.

In some cases, a residual-organic CNS lesion is observed after the inflammatory diseases are transferred. These include meningitis, various types of encephalitis (bacterial, tick-borne, post-vaccination).

Mechanism of development of CNS lesion

Residual defeat of the central nervous system is always caused by adverse factors that preceded earlier. In most cases, the basis of the pathogenesis of such symptoms is ischemia of the brain. In children, it develops during the period of intrauterine development. Because of insufficient blood supply to the placenta, the fetus receives little oxygen. As a result, the full development of the nervous tissue is violated, there are fetopathies. Significant ischemia leads to a delay in intrauterine development, the birth of a child before the gestation period. Symptoms of cerebral hypoxia can manifest themselves in the first days and months of life. Residual-organic lesion of the CNS in adults is more likely to develop due to traumatic and infectious causes. Sometimes the pathogenesis of nervous disorders is associated with metabolic (hormonal) disorders.

Syndromes in the residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system

In neurology and psychiatry, several main syndromes are distinguished, which can arise both independently (against the background of a brain disease) and be regarded as residual CNS damage. In some cases, there is a combination of these. There are the following signs of residual organic damage:

  1. Cerebrenic syndrome. Its manifestations are increased fatigue, unsatisfactory development of the school curriculum, general weakness, tearfulness, mood changes.
  2. Neurosis-like syndrome. It is characterized by the development of phobias, enuresis (uncontrolled urination at night), motor excitement (tics).
  3. Syndrome of hyperactivity and attention deficit. It is observed in children of junior and middle school age.
  4. Encephalopathy. The main manifestations are sleep disturbance, loss of memory, perseverance. In severe cases, focal neurological symptoms, convulsions are observed.
  5. Psychopathy. Characterized by disobedience, aggression. In adulthood - lability of mood, hysterical reactions, antisocial behavior.

Most often, hypoxia of the brain leads to disseminated symptoms, when the listed syndromes are combined, are not strongly pronounced. Prevalence of focal symptoms is rare.

Clinical picture with lesion of the central nervous system

Most often, the symptoms of residual organic lesions of the central nervous system manifest themselves after a certain time after exposure to an unfavorable factor. With perinatal hypoxia of the fetus, disturbances can be seen already in the first month of life. Depending on the severity of the lesion, the following symptoms may occur:

  1. Minor damage to the nervous tissue: tearfulness, poor sleep, memory loss. At school age, the child may have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a tendency to hysterical conditions, phobias.
  2. Damage to the central nervous system of moderate severity has such manifestations as constant crying, rejection of the breast, convulsive syndrome, enuresis.
  3. In severe cases, focal neurological symptoms are observed. It includes muscle weakness, paresis and paralysis of the limbs, delay in physical and mental development, generalized convulsions, etc.

Residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system: code according to ICD-10

Like all pathologies, the violation of neuropsychological development has a certain cipher in the international classification of diseases. It is necessary to understand the vastness of the concept of "residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system". The code (ICD-10) for this pathology is G96.9. This cipher means a diagnosis of " central nervous system damage, unspecified". In more specific cases, the ICD-10 code changes to a specific nosology.

Residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system: treatment of pathology

Treatment of residual organic damage is aimed at strengthening the nervous system, rehabilitation of a person in society. It is important to understand that close patients should be patient. With the right approach, treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of the disease. As a drug therapy, nootropics, sedatives, neuroleptics, tranquilizers and psychostimulants are used. To improve cerebral circulation, appoint solutions Piracetam, Kurantil, Cerebrolysin. Also shown physiotherapy treatment, massage, bioacoustic correction of the brain.

What could be the consequences of residual organic damage?

The consequences of residual organic damage to the central nervous system depend on the degree of the disease and the approach to treatment. With mild violations it is possible to achieve full recovery. Severe CNS damage is dangerous by the development of such conditions as cerebral edema, respiratory muscle spasm, damage to the cardiovascular center. To avoid such complications, constant monitoring of the patient is necessary.

Disability in residual-organic lesions

Treatment should be started as soon as the appropriate diagnosis is established - "residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system". Disability in this disease is not always appropriated. At the expressed infringements and absence of efficiency of treatment establish more exact diagnosis. Most often it is "post-traumatic brain disease," "epilepsy," etc. Depending on the severity of the condition, 2 or 3 disability groups are assigned.

Prevention of residual organic lesions of the central nervous system

To avoid residual organic lesions of the central nervous system, it is necessary to observe the doctor during pregnancy. If any abnormalities should be sought for medical attention. It is also worthwhile to refrain from taking medicines, bad habits.

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