Realization of an affordable housing program in Russia

To date, the economic situation that has developed in our society does not allow citizens to have high enough incomes. That's why buying a house for many people becomes an impossible task. For most of the Russians, it is simply not very good to have a mortgage. In addition, many are simply afraid to take part in the construction, looking at deceived co-investors and numerous unfinished. Unfortunately, today's market does not provide an opportunity for Russians with medium incomes to become owners of their own housing, paying an adequate price for it.

The Federal Program

The Russian government is taking all possible measures to ensure that most of the citizens of the country can buy their own housing. So, on September 17, 2001 the federal program entitled "Housing" was approved. The period of its implementation is marked from 2002 to 2010. During this time, the country has formed and approved the legislative base necessary to resolve numerous issues related to housing and communal services, housing construction, as well as securing property rights.

09/05/2005. Vladimir Putin outlined ways to solve problems related to information and social support for the military, state employees, and also unprotected layers of the population. As a result, the state housing policy was formed, the main principles of which were the following directions:

• The growth of expenditures of the country's budget in connection with the transfer of funds to support needy young families;
• Provision of housing to citizens who are classified as preferential categories (disabled, veterans of wars, etc.);
• Support of young specialists aimed at working in the countryside;
• State subsidies to mortgage loans, as well as the formation of AHML (an agency that deals with mortgage and housing loans);
• Development of engineering infrastructure necessary for the existence of residential neighborhoods;
• Creation and approval of a regulatory framework that allows the issuance of valuable mortgage securities.

In order to state. The program of affordable housing was realized, under the President of the Russian Federation the Council was established. Its main task was the implementation of the most priority projects of the state scale. The program "Residence" was finally approved by this body.

First stage

The first steps of the affordable housing program in Russia were implemented from 2006 to 2007. During this period, the following tasks were solved:

• Increased availability of housing;
• Reduction of interest rates and expansion of the boundaries of mortgage lending;
• Fulfillment of the state's obligations to provide its own square meters of statutory categories of citizens of the country.

Within the framework of the affordable housing program, various activities were planned. At its initial stage, this federal project was designed to provide apartments and houses for 69.5 thousand newlyweds, as well as 76.2 thousand other categories of citizens. At the same time, it was planned to reduce the mortgage rate, bringing it to 11%, and to expand the scale of housing construction to 12.1 million square meters. M for the entire initial period.

The federal program "Providing affordable housing" faced many problems. The sharpest of them were a shortage of production capacity and a shortage of cement. This state of affairs did not allow the full implementation of the plan. It was not possible to reduce the mortgage rate. Instead of the planned 11%, it was 12.8%. The most successful part of the program was the state policy aimed at increasing the volume of housing loans. In 2006 and 2007, they were issued almost for 820 billion rubles.

The second stage of the project implementation

The next step in the program of affordable housing was in 2008. During this period, the government pursued the following priorities:

• Provision of necessary subsidies to needy young families;
• Growth of 72.5 million of commissioned volumes of residential meters;
• Increase the attractiveness of mortgage lending and increase its volume to six hundred billion rubles a year.

The implementation of the affordable housing program required significant financial investments. To this end, the budget allocated 90.5 billion rubles. The tasks that the Government of the Russian Federation set before this stage were also partially resolved. The decline was observed in the construction sector. Instead of the planned 72 billion it was possible to master the introduction of only 63.8 billion square meters. M. As in the first stage of the program, significant growth was achieved only by mortgage lending. Its scale even exceeded the previously planned almost by 30 billion rubles.

The third stage

The state program "Affordable Housing" received its further development in 2009-2012. The main directions of the work of the Government of the Russian Federation during these years were:

• Implementation of state support for the housing market;
• Improvement of qualitative characteristics of housing stock and work of housing and communal services;
• Stimulation of large-scale construction of housing, affordable for citizens;
• Increase in the amount of authorized capital created by AHML.

To solve these problems, considerable financial resources were allocated from the state budget. The main items of expenses were:

• Solution of housing problems of citizens of preferential categories ;
• Direction 200 billion rubles. In AHML to replenish its statutory fund;
• Production of major repairs of houses and resettlement of residents from emergency and dilapidated housing.

In the practical implementation of the federal program, it was possible to promote the solvency of citizens. This became possible due to the issuance of maternity capital and funds AHML. In addition, for 2009-2012. In operation was introduced 245.5 square meters. M of housing. At the same time, the allocated funding from the budget was:

• For the repair of houses - 70 billion rubles;
• On state certificates "Housing" - 48.2 billion rubles;
• For apartments for servicemen - 48 billion rubles;
• For housing for veterans of the Second World War - 55.8 billion rubles;
• To resettle from emergency and dilapidated houses - 41.5 billion rubles.

General results of the federal program

The national project, aimed at improving the living conditions of Russians for 2002-2010, allowed:

• Form a new layer of owners, necessary for housing and utilities reforms;
• Change the structure of housing stock;
• Increase the share of private developers;
• Simplify the preparatory procedures preceding the erection of houses;
• Increase private residential housing with a simultaneous decrease in the volume of state property.

Setting new tasks

On December 17, 2010, the government of the Russian Federation approved the next program in the field of construction of houses and apartments for citizens of the country. It was called "Residence" and was determined for 2011-2015.

This program has a social focus and is designed to develop in conjunction with such spheres of public life as education and health. It is assumed that 620 billion rubles will be allocated from the budget for the federal project. And the money will go not only to create a market offering affordable housing, but also to fulfill the state's obligations to preferential categories of citizens.

It is planned that at the end of 2015, the growth of square meters of apartments and houses will reach the figure of 90 million. And their living conditions will be improved by 86.9 thousand families, as well as 172 thousand newlyweds. And all this at the expense of subsidizing local and regional budgets loans and loans for the purchase of such square meters necessary to people.

The "Affordable Housing for Families" program aims to increase the availability of housing from 12 to 30 percent. It is planned to expand the construction of economy-apartments.

Summing up subtotals

At the moment, the program "Housing" continues its operation, and it's too early to talk about its final results. However, in 2012 the President of Russia V.V. Putin sent a message to the Federal Assembly, which outlined the interim results of the national project. At the same time, it was stressed that the state made every effort to create the necessary conditions to implement the grandiose program. So, the availability of mortgages is growing. Every year it increases by 40-50 percent. However, while this is not enough to solve a painful problem, because only people who earn above average can repay such loans. The message also spoke about the successful solution of the issue of providing housing for servicemen and veterans. It was mentioned in the letter about the increasing volumes of resettlement of citizens from dilapidated houses.

In the same 2012, the Russian government approved a new program. It was called "Provision of comfortable and affordable housing, as well as public services of Russian citizens." The program is being implemented from 2015 to 2020. The implementation of this project will be carried out at the federal level with the participation of the country's entities and local self-government bodies.

Additional tasks solution

Within the framework of the federal project "Housing" is the program "Affordable Housing for Young People". With its implementation, thousands of families living in Russia were helped.
The program "Youth - Affordable Housing" was launched in 2006. Five years later, it got its second wind, since in 2011 alone, more than 2,000 young citizens of the country became bondholders, who bonded their lives through marriage.

The program "Youth - Affordable Housing" provides for the allocation of funding from the budgets of all existing levels. Subsidies are subject to young families, including incomplete ones. The main thing is that the age of their oldest members does not exceed 35 years. Financing is allocated for repayment of the main debt for a mortgage. You can also use subsidies to pay for part of the cost of building or buying a home.

Under the rules of a mortgage loan, the house or apartment before its full repayment is the property of the bank. If the family is unable to repay the funds it has taken, the financial institution has the right to sell this property by right of possession. However, the program "The young family - affordable housing" does not allow the development of events in such a channel. The state in this case assumes the responsibility, playing the role of an intermediary between the borrower and the creditor. At the same time, the relevant regional authorities seek a deferral of payment or debt restructuring, if the arrears arose for objective reasons.

From 2013 to 2020, the program "A young family - affordable housing" will require significant financial investments, estimated at 1.9 trillion rubles. Only a third of this amount will be channeled to budgets of various levels. The remaining amount will be attracted by private investors and extra-budgetary funds. In particular, Sberbank of Russia and VTB Bank will allocate certain amounts.

Provide almost fifty percent of Russians with housing the government plans and through social rent. For these purposes, 1/10 of the newly constructed square meters will be allocated.

What are the main conditions under which the state. Program "Young Family - Affordable Housing" will be implemented? Experts have calculated that a successful solution to a painful problem is possible with a 20% reduction in the cost of building a square meter. This will become possible with the construction of economy-housing, which, despite everything, is designed to fully comply with modern standards.

The state also plans to encourage commercial organizations to build social housing, which will then be leased. The interest of developers is to receive a certain percentage of income from employment contracts.

The program "Affordable housing for young families" implies achieving its main goal and with the use of subsidies. It is offered to those who are recognized as low-income and do not have the opportunity to pay a mortgage. Such families receive from the state funds directed to repay the first installment of the loan. The size of the subsidy depends on the available housing of the family and the number of its members. On average, from 900 thousand to 1.2 million rubles. In such limits is the amount for a family of 3-4 people. The maximum size of the subsidy allocated by the state may amount to 2.2 million rubles.

Project participants

The conditions of the program "Affordable housing for young families" suggest that:

• The marriage was officially registered;
• The age of senior members of the family did not exceed 35 years;
• There is a constant source of income;
• The provision of a living space at the time of joining the program is no more than 15 square meters for each member of the family;
• There is a citizenship of the Russian Federation;
• The family permanently resides in the territory of the subject of the country where it submits its application;
• Certificates of income confirming financial solvency of young people are provided.

Full information on the conditions of the program and the submission of the required application are obtained in the Department of Housing Policy, as well as in youth affairs bodies located at the place of registration of the family. Usually they are located in the city or regional administration.

Emerging problems

The Affordable Housing program is attractive for many families. However, here there may be a number of problems that create temporary difficulties for young people. So, with a large number of people wishing to receive state support, the queue is significantly lengthened. This leads to the fact that the purchase of housing is postponed for a certain period of time.

It also happens that the family can not find a suitable apartment for themselves in the secondary market. In this case, you will need to build it or buy it in one of the newly built houses.

Most of all the pitfalls are in the field of mortgage lending. To issue such a contract is not very simple. In addition, the family, due to certain circumstances, may lose its creditworthiness. In this case, monthly mortgage payments will place a heavy burden on young people, significantly reducing their standard of living.

However, do not despair. State support will allow each young family to find an apartment or a house.

Apartments in Moscow

The program "Affordable Housing" is held in all regions of Russia. It is gaining momentum in Moscow. Within the framework of this project, residents of not only the capital, but also of any part of Russia, as well as foreign citizens, can acquire their own square meters.

How is the "Young Family - Affordable Housing" program implemented here? Moscow since 2003 has built 7,7 thousand apartments, which were distributed within the framework of this project. This is 462 thousand square meters. M housing, erected by financing the city treasury. It is assumed that young people need to pay only the first installment, which amounts to 30% of the cost of construction work, as well as the finishing of premises and improvement of the territory adjoining the house.

The remaining amount is allowed to be repaid within 10 years. At the birth of the child, the city treasury allocates funds for the repayment of 10 square meters of the apartment. The appearance of another small family member allows you to write off the share of 14 square meters. M. The birth of the third and subsequent children makes it possible to repay the loan, which is 18 squares of housing.

The program "Affordable Housing - Youth" continues to gain momentum. In its framework, it is planned to provide housing and those who will fall into the category of talented and promising people. After graduation, these young specialists will be in demand in various branches of the economy.