Reading of drawings and conventions

Reading of drawings is a mandatory skill and condition for employment in the position of an engineer of any qualification. This document is the main component of each project, without which neither the development of the oil and gas field nor the construction of a residential house will begin. To successfully work with this documentation, the employee must have knowledge of the exact sciences and have certain drawing skills. In this case, reading the drawings will not cause difficulties.

Project organizations provide the operating company with several copies of documentation sets. One of them is a working variant for the company-builder, intended for the correct organization of the engineering staff at the site.

Reading construction drawings allows you to determine the purpose of the building, its exact dimensions, location of the equipment, as well as types of structures and materials. Here the projected object is depicted in three versions: a facade, a plan and sections (longitudinal and transverse). When viewing the image of the facade, you can see the general view of the building and the height of all elements relative to the floor level. This information is read on the marks to the left of the main picture. The layout of the object clearly shows the location of the entrance, exit, the number of rooms and their purpose, as well as the dimensions and thickness of the bearing walls and partitions.

When designing a complex of residential or industrial buildings, during the development of gas and oil fields, a master plan for the construction site is developed at the first stage. Reading the master plan drawing gives a general idea of this site. Here, the layout of buildings, structures, engineering networks, and also possible natural objects falling into the building area is schematically depicted. In the presence of artificial dumping of the territory, the drawings show its section showing the dimensions and material of the mound.

In addition, sections of the ITM Civil Defense (engineering and technical measures of civil defense, measures for the prevention of emergency situations) and PB (fire safety) are developed for hazardous and potentially dangerous facilities. For this purpose, the master plan drawings are used, which indicate the zones of possible damage, their dimensions and the place of the accident (bursting of the pressure pipeline). Detailed reading of the drawings of these sections allows you to plan and timely carry out the necessary rescue measures, since here are indicated the places of the entrance of fire fighting equipment and the way of evacuation of personnel.

The images of technological pipelines contain information on the types of pipes, their diameters, wall thickness, as well as the number and types of valves and adapters.

To read the drawings gave a complete picture of the projected object, a system of abbreviations and symbols is used, which, together with the requirements and norms for the development of design documentation, is governed by the state standards of the Russian Federation on the ESKD system.